Eden Armed: A Play in Four Scenes by Steve Hauk

eden-armed-illustration

This play is drawn from stories told to me by people named Jimmy and Lily and Herb and Carole and Jean and others, all but one of them now gone and, of course, my imaginings. It wants simply to recreate the tension and dangers writers may experience when what they write draws powerful, sometimes violent opposition. The drawing by C. Kline captures part of the dark and chaotic world the play’s main character experiences for writing the truth.

I

Salinas and a Town on the California Coast

1938 and 1988

Lights up on a simple wooden table, stage right. Seated on one side, Carol typing. On the other, J.S. in his mid-thirties looking through his notes, writing with a pencil, pushing writings over to Carol, who reads then types the words. A rotary phone on table. It is 1938.

Stage left, Lily, pushing ninety but strong, great mane of gray-white hair, at a desk. A phone on the desk.1988.

Lighting changes in this scene as needed to denote changes in time, from past to further past; interchanges, actual or remembered; on phones or not; etc.

Upstage, distant, the abstract image of an oak tree. Perhaps sculptural. Just barely made out but looming in a late-morning mist or fog. 

Lily (Writing in a note tablet): It was ‘37 or ‘38, something like that . . . anyway, half a century ago . . . what’s this? ‘88? . . . all flies by . . . feel I need to set this down while I can. . . (To audience, smiling) Getting old . . . . (Back to writing) John wrote about us, so I feel free to write about him . . . .

Continues writing.

Carol (Reading notes, while typing, after a silence): . . . these notes are good . . . .

J.S. (Unsure): Are they?

Carol: . . . almost like you’re writing the chapter now, instead of later.

J.S.: Believable?

Carol: Sure . . . I like he’s saying . . . you know, about when a cop . . . .

J.S.: Not too much?

Carol (Smiles): Well, won’t win you friends in some quarters . . . .

J.S.: No . . . .

He goes back to notes. She looks at him. They continue working. She looks up again, watches him, then resumes typing.

Lily (Writing):  . . . It begins with . . . bunch of us, Salinas High class of 1919 . . . deciding on a reunion . . . sudden . . . spontaneous . . . nothing formal – just talk, spouses, kids . . . catch up on each other’s lives . . . . My Len’s idea over some beers . . . . (Looks up, says to herself wistfully) Len’s gone a long time now . . . .

Carol (Stops typing, concerned, pause): You okay?

J.S. (Smiles thinly): Yeah . . . .

Carol: You’re quiet . . . .

J.S.: We’re working.

Lily (Writing): The others, they asked me to call John, invite him to our reunion. You can talk anyone into anything, Lily . . . that’s what they said . . . truth be told, I was pretty good at it . . . back then.

Carol (Pause):  Lots of calls today . . . .

J.S.: New York?

Carol (Nodding): I told them we’re progressing . . . that you’re still researching . . . still going into the fields . . . maybe we can meet their deadline . . . .

J.S. (Doubtfully): Hope they’re patient if we can’t . . . .

Carol (Strong): It doesn’t matter – you can’t rush it. Too important. They’ll wait. (Pause, little tense) One of the calls. . . this woman . . . said she was a classmate . . . high school . . . .

J.S. (Looks up from his notes, interested): High school?

Carol (Watching him): She gave the name Lily.

J.S.: Lily? (Quickly, smiles) Oh, right – Lil’! Good old Lil’!

Lily (Suddenly stops writing, looks at audience): I could tell on the phone she was suspicious of me. If she’d seen how homely I was . . . mind you, this was fifty years ago . . . . wasn’t as homely as I am now . . . .

Carol: Deep voice.

J.S.: That’s Lil’. We all thought she should be on the radio – could have been a disc jockey maybe.

Lily (To audience): Some people thought my voice was sexy.

Lighting change.

Carol (Picks up phone, into phone): And you want . . .?

Lily (Also): We’re planning a get-together – cold beers . . . talk about the old days . . . hoping John will join us . . . he was president of our senior class after all . . . .

Carol (Curtly): Yes, I know all about that.

Lily (Picking up on it, a beat): Of course, we’d love to have you, too . . . the park with the big live oak tree – John will know . . . .

Carol (Tersely): I can’t make commitments for him. Call back this evening, please, or better, leave a number and if John has the time . . . he’s on deadline . . . . your name again?

Lily (A beat): Lily.

Lighting change.

J.S.: What did Lil’ want?

Carol: A reunion. High school classmates. Informal. She said someone’s idea . . . Len’s?

J.S.: Her husband.

Carol: Over some beers.

J.S. (Laughs): As much Lil’s idea then – she likes her beer.

Lily (To audience, picking up receiver): He called back . . . imagine me fifty years younger. . . voice not so gravelly then.

Lighting change.

J.S. (Into phone as Carol types, while listening): Lil’, so glad to hear from you. What a surprise!

Lily (To audience, covering receiver with her hand): That’s what he called me in high school – Lil’.

J.S.: How’s Len?

Lily (Into phone, in the 1930s, sounding younger): Len’s fine, John. Did you hear? We’ve opened a shop downtown, just off Main.

J.S.: I heard – antique clothing and old furniture – what a combination!

Lily: Tell the truth, lot of junk. Barn stuff – old harnesses and the like. Sad, you know?

J.S. (Pause): Yeah.

Lily: Small farmers losing their places – not the big growers, of course. (A beat) Now and then a nice old rocker or settee still has some velvet upholstery comes in. Don’t know why, but makes me want to cry.

J.S.: Broken dreams, Lil’.

Carol, who has been trying to eavesdrop, pulls the piece of paper from the typewriter, can’t find another sheet, leaves.

J.S. (Watches her go, waits a moment, a touch slyly, sotto voce): Say, Lil’, do you have any old cowboy hats in that store of yours? I might be in the market . . . .

Lily (To audience): He was into cowboy stuff for a while. Word is he bought a pair of new boots in San Jose – shined them and proud as a kid. (Into phone, younger again) No old cowboy hats now, but I’ll keep an eye . . . . Sometimes we get a nice old Stetson from a broke cowboy. Heaven knows there are enough broke cowboys about.

J.S.: I’ve seen them, Lil’ . . . up and down the valley . . . a few taking work in the fields . . . .

Lily: Pretty sad, you ask me – can’t get sadder than bow-legged cowboys bending over harvesting vegetables . . . .

J.S.: Keep the hat thing between us, okay?

Lily (Hesitates): John, you gonna’ write a book about broken down and broke cowboys?

J.S. (Laughs): I have enough on my hands with mistreated fieldworkers, Lil’.

Lily: Just wondering . . . . We do have a nice blue rhinestone shirt with pearl snap buttons. Cowboy about your size. Thrown bull riding – broke his arm and bruised his tailbone. Doesn’t think he’ll be wearing that shirt anywhere nice for a while. And can sure use the jack.

J.S.: Can’t see myself in rhinestones, Lil’.

Carol returns with more typewriter paper, sits, inserts piece of paper and resumes working and listening in.

Lily: Didn’t think you could . . . . (Hesitates) John, Len and some others of us from the class . . . .

J.S. (Quickly): Carol told me, Lil’. . . about your reunion. (Glances at Carol) Sorry, I can’t . . . .

Lily (Into phone): ‘Cause we know you think there are people out to do you harm – growers and the law and all.

J.S.: Lil’, really, just can’t.

Lily: People you imagine want to do you harm . . . .

J.S.: Lil’, no . . . . Say, I heard you have a new baby girl . . . does she favor you or Len?

Lily (To audience): Well, it was a baby boy, not a baby girl, and he favored Len – and I wasn’t about to give up on our reunion in the park. (Pause, reflectively) You do dumb things when you’re young . . . just plow ahead like everything will work out no matter whatnever considering for a second all the bad things can happen. So, kept at him and kept at him until, finally . . . .

J.S. (Resigned): Okay, Lil’, for you and Len I’ll do it . . . just this one time.

Lily (Into phone): That’s wonderful, John. By the big live oak, twelve or so, a picnic lunch. You remember that big oak, don’t you?

J.S. (Pause): Sure, Lil’, I remember it . . . old when we were kids. Probably saw the first Spaniards on their way up from Mexico.

Lighting change.

Lily (Replacing receiver, picks up pen, begins writing again, old): I wish to God he’d stuck to his guns . . . but I persisted . . . and he did come . . . . (Pause) You can’t take any of it back once it happens . . . funny how we always seem to forget that.

J.S. (Sets phone down, guiltily to Carol who is staring at him): Felt I couldn’t disappoint them, especially Lil’ and Len . . . . (Pause, cautiously) Want to come? . . .

Carol (Strong): Why would I want to come? I don’t know them.

J.S. (Mollifying): They’d like to meet you . . . .

Carol (Sharply): They don’t want to meet me.

J.S. . . . see their husbands and wives and kids.

Carol: Don’t lie to me, John.

J.S.: Lil’s kids . . . .

Carol (A deep resentment): Oh? You think I’d enjoy that – seeing another woman’s kids?

J.S.: Not that again . . . (Gestures vaguely, an old wound) . . . not while we’re working . . . .

Carol (Pause, studies him): So, you’re really going.

J.S.: Said I would . . . .

Carol: Go ahead then. Don’t get drunk.

J.S.: Right . . . .

He pushes his notebook to the side, looks off. She studies him for a few moments, softens.

Carol: Sorry . . . I’m sorry, John. Wrong time to bring it up . . . you’re right, no place for arguing when we’re working . . . publisher waiting. (Trying to loosen him up, smiling) We can always fight later, right? . . . (Pause, worried): John . . .?

J.S. (Holding her at a distance): Yeah?

Carol: Fight later? Work now?

J.S. (A beat): Sure . . . .

Carol: Good. (Pause) Did something happen in the fields today? When you get quiet like this . . . .

J.S (Considers, shrugs, looking away for a moment): Not much . . . the usual . . . . (Tries to smile, softening) But I’m sure glad Prohibition’s over . . . .

Carol (Smiles): Me, too . . . when we’ve finished with these notes . . . couple drinks . . . maybe something else . . . to make up . . . but we have to finish first . . . .

J.S (Smiles, looking away): No let-up.

Carol: None while it’s fresh . . . .

J.S. (Pause, conceding her importance): I know that without you pushing me . . . .

Carol: Oh, you’d do fine.

J.S.: I don’t know . . . .

Carol: Thanks anyway.

He nods, turns to his notes. Carol watches him for a few moments, resumes typing, slowly, from notes.  

Lily (To audience): We learned later ­­­– it’d been a dark day for him, the day I called. Surprised he came to our reunion when we heard . . . took courage . . . guess he didn’t want anyone thinking they could scare him off from his hometown – like they did before, according to some.

J.S. (Can’t concentrate, looks up, hesitates): You really want to hear?

Carol: What?

J.S.: What happened today.

Carol (Bracing herself): Sure . . . guess I’d better.

J.S. (Becoming shaky as he tells her): I’d just pulled over . . . gotten out . . . . Workers harvesting lettuce . . . near the river . . . wanted to talk to a few of them, that’s all . . . the usual, you know . . . then a truck roars up, sprays gravel . . . three guys jump out. And for the first time – one pulls a gun . . .  says I write another word about . . . you know . . . and the fieldworkers hearing it all. (His hand shaking, he sets pencil down) . . . . One yells what was about to happen to me could happen to the fieldworkers . . . if they didn’t keep in line . . . shooting me and throwing my body in the river . . . said would suit me fine since I write about the river and death so much . . . .

Lily (Writing): ‘Course we didn’t know there was real danger or we wouldn’t have asked him to the picnic . . . thought he was imagining most of it . . . thought it was safe . . . really did . . . a public park, families and all . . . center of town . . . what’s the harm in that?

J.S.: . . . maybe if I’d had a gun . . . .

Carol (Shaken): No – they’d just use that for an excuse to . . . .

J.S.: Followed me a few miles in the truck then turned back – U-turn, squealing tires . . . no doubt back to terrorizing the workers.

Lily (Writing): . . . we’d thought he was imagining the hostility . . . . (Pause, looks around her surroundings, to audience) This store buys old stuff from the public for resale . . . someone comes in with old books, often one of his, the nightmares begin again for me . . . had them all these years from that day by the old live oak . . . .

Carol: You tell the police?

J.S. (Softly): Hell no!

Carol: John! 

J.S.: . . . they work for the growers . . . .

Carol: You need it on record – what happened.

J.S.: They’d laugh.

Carol: Pulling a gun on someone is an indictable offense!

J.S.: If you have a witness.

Carol: The people in the fields!

J.S.: Do you know what they’d do to them? Do you? These people have families . . . I couldn’t ask . . . .

Carol (Pause, conceding): We can’t just wait . . . .

J.S.: A gun. 

Carol: They’d say you threatened them with it – you think they wouldn’t go to the police? Way to legally put you away, shut you up. Or kill you and claim self-defense. Besides, they wouldn’t come here.

J.S.: So, I can’t return to my home? Can’t meet Lil’ and high school friends by that old oak tree?

Carol: You’d still do that? After what you told me happened today?

J.S.: They’re not stopping me again. Had to sneak into my own home . . . hidden in the back seat of a car . . . when mother was dying, then father . . . .

He looks away, has trouble picking up the pencil, bends over his notes. She watches him, exasperated. Lights dim on them as they work quietly. He writes, pushes paper to her; she types, slowly now, both going through the motions.

Lily (Writing): Other day I visited the park where we held our reunion that Sunday . . . that old oak still there . . . will be when we’re all gone and forgotten . . . not him, they’ll remember him alright . . . .

Lighting stronger on the oak, sounds of people talking, children playing. She looks toward the tree and a now-gathering mist. 

(To herself) One of those foggy summer days we get in the valley. Clings to the ground . . . good for the growers . . . holds off drought. (Pause) Don’t know how many times I wished he’d not come, but I wouldn’t accept his refusal . . . had to keep after him . . . .

Pause. Tries to smile. 

 (To audience) He was happy for a while that Sunday – about his next book . . . seeing friends, telling and hearing stories . . . a few beers . . . think he believed me – if Lil’ promises it will be safe . . . then . . . .

Pauses, shakes her head.

Then it happens – truck jumps the curb onto the park grass. Comes right at us, through the mist, wheels spinning, skidding sideways, no concern for people socializing on a Sunday afternoon – could have killed a child . . . when I think that a child could have . . . .

Looks toward the live oak tree. The roar of a truck engine from upstage, distant, echo-like.

An old pickup truck – one of those with big headlights they had back in the ‘30s . . . mounted on top of the fenders the way they did back then – like cartoon eyes. I’ll never forget that truck coming at us with its cartoon eyes. It seemed like a living thing. We save our kids – gather them in!

They throw him against the big live oak tree . . . shove a gun under his chin . . . hit him in the stomach . . . in the stomach so it doesn’t leave a mark, so the law can’t see he’s been roughed up . . . that’s what Len told me . . . that’s how they do it.

Pause.

Then they laugh . . . drive off. We pull our children close . . . want to call the police . . . he pleads no . . . swears us to secrecy . . . we keep that secret . . . all these years . . . most of us dead now . . . even those years when writers came ‘round wanting to know about him . . . asking questions . . . none of us speaking a word . . . because we promised. I didn’t like it even then, keeping it hidden . . . that’s why I’m writing this – he’s gone now, people should know.

Lights back up on John and Carol, working. 

So, guess what he does – very next day . . . drives all the way back to Salinas . . . in the morning . . . to the county courthouse . . . . Applies for a license to carry . . . on his person . . . .

Lighting beginning to fade on Lily, then up on J.S., studying his notes, trying to concentrate; Carol, looking at him, concerned, while typing. 

Carol: John . . . .  

He doesn’t look up.

Carol: Please?

Lily’s Voice (light on her dimming to darkness): . . . to carry on his person, for self-protection . . . well, you know . . . a gun . . . arming himself . . . .

J.S. looks up, smiles faintly; Carol smiles back – a kind of truce they have grown into.

Carol: It’s good.

J.S.: Is it?

Carol: Believe me – yes. I start reading, I forget I should be typing.

J.S.: Thank you . . . .

He bends back over his writing.

Carol (Pause): You’ll be careful Sunday?

J.S. (Looking up): I’ll be careful.

Carol: Promise?

J.S. (Pause): Yes.

Carol: You won’t take a gun?

J.S. (Turning back to his notes, a beat): I won’t.

She watches him, unsure, then she begins to type again.

The sound of the typewriter continues for a few moments, the stage going dark except for the live oak. Only the tree in the mist visible, then the lighting on it fades to darkness as the sound of the typing dies away.

II

Salinas

Mid-1940s

Seven or eight years later.

Abstracted: The interior of a period service station. Suggestion of gas pumps can be partially made out through a glass door under exterior lights in the evening darkness. A pot belly stove, the fire extinguished, a large old cash register on a stand. A chair pulled up to the stove, a book with a page marker and a lunch box on the flat arms of the chair. A radio tuned to country and western music.

Henry, wearing a station attendant’s uniform, is counting money from the cash register, putting cash in a pouch, zips it closed – hesitates – looks toward door, picks up closed sign and goes to door, opens it, hangs closed sign so it is facing out, shuts the door.

He hears a car pull in, shakes his head, mutters to himself, grabs a broom and begins to tidy the space. 

A middle-aged man comes to the door. He is black, neatly dressed, strongly built. He tries the door. Henry turns. If he is surprised, he doesn’t show it. He says and mouths, “We’re closed.” The man indicates he can’t hear Henry. Henry turns off the radio, leans the broom against the wall, closes the cash register drawer and goes to the door, hesitates just a moment, then unlocks and opens it.

Henry (With authority): I said, we’re closed.

James (Evenly): Don’t need gasoline, sir.

Henry: Well, sorry, can’t help you anyway – Bob our mechanic’s gone home.

James: Don’t need repairs, sir. But I do have someone in my car wants to talk with you.

Henry (Looking past James, shaking his head, amused): That old gas guzzler?

James (Smiles): Sure does – we’ll need to fill er’ up with ethyl before we go.

Henry: Not here at this hour. I don’t need business that bad – I’m ready to go home.

James: The gentleman sure would like to see you this evening, sir. A matter of pressing time.

Henry: Hiding in the gas guzzler then?

James: You come out and see him, maybe he’ll tell you why. (Smiles) You never know – he might have a real good reason.

Henry becomes curious, steps back, opening the door and allowing James to come in.

Henry: Maybe you’ll tell me instead.

James (Steps in): Rather he did, sir.

Henry: Then he can darn well come to the door, as you have.

James (Smiling): I was told you might say something like that and I understand, but please consider making an exception this time.

Henry looks at him.

Henry:  So this person doesn’t want to be seen?

James (Nodding): He doesn’t, and I’m afraid he may already have . . . . (Trails off)

Henry: Been seen?

James: (Nodding): . . . Wanting to visit with you, he took a chance and came anyway.

Henry: Not good if he’s seen?

James: Not good.

Henry: I know this person, then?

James: Very well, sir.

Henry (Smiles): It must be . . it’s John, isn’t it?

James (Smiles): Yes, sir.

Henry: I’d heard he was back . . . in Monterey, not here. . . didn’t think he’d show himself in Salinas.

James: Tell the truth, I tried to talk him out of it. Wouldn’t listen to me wanted to see you so bad . . . so we’re here, causing tension . . . .

Henry: That’s John. Tell him to slip in, no one will see him. And if they do, so what? – he knows I won’t stand for any trouble.

James: I can’t see him slipping in anywhere – he’s big as me.

Henry: Well, I’m not going to sit in a high-octane gas guzzler, so tell John it’s up to him.

James: I’ll see what I can do. (Starts for door, stops, turns, can’t keep from smiling) He said you’d have an argument for everything – I’d never heard a car being a gas guzzler used as an argument not to see someone. Or refuse to put gas in it. He sure caught you alright.

Henry (Quietly pleased): Me? John did?

James: So far, yes.

Henry: Don’t start thinking you can predict me.

James: He told me that, too.

Henry: We go way back . . .  and you’re? . . .

James: James – my name is James Neale. You’re Henry and I know all about you. Heard a lot of stories.

Henry: Did he tell you I bossed him when we were kids?

James: I don’t recall him saying anything about that.

Henry: Wouldn’t think he would. I bossed him, even though I was smaller and younger. Then I caught up and we became equal. Were last time I saw him, lot of years ago, even though he was becoming known some. Don’t suppose he’s changed?

James: Well, I wouldn’t know about that, only knowing him a few years off and on. Changed only a little in that time. (Moving toward door, stops, turns, smiles) If you won’t take offense, I do recall him saying you are a hardheaded man.

Henry: No argument there.

James: Yep, there we go – he said you wouldn’t argue that either. (Suddenly serious, gesturing to the outside, his voice softening) You mind, Henry, putting out those lights over your pumps? Would help, I think. You know what I’m saying.

Henry (Pauses, then looks): Suppose it would.

James: Never know – might encourage him to come in.

Henry goes to switch, flips it, outside becomes almost total darkness.

James: Better . . . thank you, sir.

James leaves. Henry looks around, tidies just a bit. J.S. enters quietly, self-consciously, James opening the door for him.

James (Slipping back into the darkness): I’ll be just outside, keeping an eye. If you need me . . . .

J.S.: Thank you, Jim.

J.S. is nervous, ill at ease, keeps his distance at first. Looks around. Henry stands by cash register, also a touch self-conscious.

J.S. (Clears his throat): It’s a fine station, Henry. Four pumps! I knew you’d get it – you said it was what you wanted when you were twelve.

Henry (A touch challenging): I was eleven, you were the one was twelve, John.

J.S. (A beat): Well, you got it anyway.

Henry: So? Maybe I wouldn’t have if my father hadn’t died. Who knows what I would have done . . . that changed everything . . . when I dropped out of school weren’t many jobs for anything, then recalled I’d once wanted to do this . . . that I’d told you and Mary about it when we were kids . . . . So if he hadn’t died, maybe I’d have stayed in school and been something else, a lawyer or banker, something like that.

J.S.: Maybe.

Henry: I think I might have made a good lawyer.

J.S.: I never won an argument with you.

Henry: I don’t think you knew what you wanted to do yet . . . when you were twelve, I mean . . . . Did you? I don’t recall you saying . . . all those times we sat on the river bank talking with Mary, swimming and catching lizards.

J.S.: I don’t think I really knew when I was twelve.

Henry (A beat, definitely curious): You know when you did?

J.S.: Only hints, nothing sure.

Henry (Disappointed): Just wondered. Guess it doesn’t matter.

J.S.: Guess it doesn’t.

Henry: You read a lot, though.

J.S.: Sure.

Henry: You’ve done well for yourself.

J.S.: Thank you.

Henry: And you didn’t finish school either.

J.S.: Not even close.

Henry: We’re a couple dropouts.

J.S.: Not so bad. Some of my best friends . . . .

They are both quiet for a moment.

J.S. (Breaking the silence): Glad you got to meet Jim. Studying to be a pilot, in Monterey. One of those little single props – a Cessna. Took a while to find an instructor. First two guys refused to give him flying lessons – you can guess, same tired old stuff ignorant people say about Negroes. At least they didn’t say it to Jim – they’d be damn sorry if they did. A third guy, though; he was happy to give it a whirl . . . no matter what the others said. He won’t be disappointed. Jim’s had some lessons already, going to be fine. Wouldn’t surprise me if he turns out to be an ace.

Henry (Pause, a touch of wonder): You have your own plane?

J.S.: Just renting it for now.

Henry: You might buy one?

J.S.: Might.

Henry (A beat): Use a lot of fuel?

J.S. (Nodding): High grade.

Henry: He’ll fly you?

J.S.: Sure . . . safer in the air than on the ground . . . especially around here.

Henry: Like right now?

J.S.: Jim tell you something?

Henry: Hinted . . . .

J.S.: Not as bad as he might make it sound – Jim’s a careful guy.

Henry: Your bodyguard?

J.S.: I wouldn’t ask that of him. Workfor me – a good friend. We look after each other. . . when I come back . . . . (Notices the medal food container) You bring your lunch to work with you, Henry?

Henry (Nodding): Saves money. Don’t take a lunch hour anyway. My mechanic Bob does. I usually pull up to the pot belly with Lorna’s soup and a good detective novel and hope no one pulls in. ‘Course, they always do, usually just when I get to a good part.

J.SLooks at book, tentatively): What are you reading?

Henry: A mystery. By Raymond Chandler. (With an edge in his voice) That okay?

J.S.: Sure – helluva writer. (A beat) Are you happy, Henry?

Henry (A little stiffly): With the station, you mean? Serves its purpose . . . keeps my life structured . . . would do that if only had two pumps. There are other things.

Henry spots dirt on the floor, gets broom, dustpan, and begins sweeping, J.S. moving out of his way.

Henry: Do you mind? Since I’m here.

J.S.: ‘Course not. Reminds me when we were kids. When my mom caught us messing up.

Henry: Only person I was ever genuinely afraid of – your mom. Couldn’t get away with anything your mom watching. (Beat) Saves time in the morning . . . . Lorna says I should get some help for cleaning . . . but why, when I can do it myself? . . . (Stops sweeping) Are you happy?

J.S. (Shrugs): Sometimes . . . .

Henry (Emptying dustpan into wastebasket, placing broom again wall): What with all that attention you get . . . .

J.S. Doesn’t mean anything.

Henry (Veiled): Some you don’t want, of course . . . .

J.S.: Most.

Henry: Should you be here?

J.S.: I didn’t want to come and go without seeing you. I couldn’t do that. I knew you’d know . . . the way word gets around here. . . but I don’t want to cause you any trouble, Henry . . . if it’s a problem for you, Jim and I are out of here.

Henry laughs.

J.S. (Self-consciously): What?

Henry: You sounded like that character of yours . . . that big guy down by our river – forget his name – you know, “I’ll just go away, George” . . . (A bit embarrassed for quoting it) . . . or something like that.

J.S.: I sound like him(Has to smile) Yeah, I suppose I did. Do you think I’m becoming my characters, Henry?

Henry: Makes sense you might.

J.S.: So, to paraphrase the big guy, if you do want us to leave . . . ‘cause I respect you have a business to look after . . . .

Henry: No one tells me how to live, you know that. Anybody doesn’t like the people I see – doesn’t like me seeing you – well, it’s none of their business and they can go to hell . . . .

J.S. (Pause): Some of those people can be dangerous, Henry.

Henry: You think so?

J.S.: Someday I’ll tell you stories . . . .

Henry (Dismissing the idea): Where you living in Monterey?

J.S.: You know that Mexican adobe on Pierce Street, big cypress in front . . . just above town . . . the one I used to say I wanted to live in someday? Well, I bought it. (Pause) Bad idea . . . . Something dark happened in that house, Henry. Gwyn feels it too. A murder or suicide. Maybe an infant dying – Gwyn has that feeling – but maybe that’s because we have our own baby now . . . . So even if we stay, we’ll have to get out of that house.

Henry (Skeptical): Haunted?

J.S.: Ghosts don’t bother me, evil does. Evil things happening. Remember we talked about ghosts all the time when we were kids – you were sure they were out there. Hell, I have a couple! Do you?

Henry (Thinks about it): Just my father, I guess . . . can’t seem to shake him, leaving us so soon . . . see him out there by the pumps sometimes, looking in at me as I close up for the night . . . still a young man – younger than me now . . . maybe wondering why I’m not doing something else.

J.S.: But maybe happy for you.

Henry: I guess. Didn’t get enough time with him to really know how he thinks. (Pause) You said you didn’t want to go without seeing me . . . you must be leaving.

J.S.: There’s more hostility than I anticipated.

Henry: You think you might be imagining it?

J.S. (Smiles ruefully): That’s what most people think, isn’t it? I’m neurotic . . . paranoid . . . .

Henry (Laughs): Sure, some do.

J.S. (Has to smile): Do you?

Henry: Different, we grew up together – I know you have a lot to be neurotic and paranoid about.

They both laugh. 

J.S.: For sure . . . a ton . . . so, you think I exaggerate?

Henry: Some – human nature . . . especially being a writer and all . . . to be expected . . . you did it when we were kids – multiplied everything by five – hell, sometimes ten. (Grins) Challenged my math, I never knew what to believe.

J.S. smiles, then, tense, goes to the door, speaks as he looks out.

J.S.: I was that bad, was I?

Henry: Not so bad – you were a kid. Mary and Alice did the same, just not so much.

J.S. (Pause, splitting his attention between Henry and looking outside): Maybe I do stretch it a little . . . I’m not denying it . . . . But I’ll tell you something, Henry – the threats, that stuff, not as bad as . . . doesn’t hurt as much as . . .  (Turns, looks at Henry) . . . the slights from people I used to know . . . who were friendly once . . . took weeks to find someone who’d rent me office space for writing . . . down on Alvarado Street, where I spent so much time in the ‘30s. Vacancies everywhere but nobody knows me anymore . . . . “Where’s your references?”  Or the space is vacant and for rent, sure, but afraid it’s promised to . . .  and they’d make up some name . . . stuff like that, all bull. (Pause, looks out through glass door again) One guy I know a long time . . . we always got along fine . . . said hello, runs a tobacco shop, then out of the blue says, “Big deal if you win some hotshot award for your writing.” I didn’t bring up any award – I don’t care. Where in the hell does that come from . . .?

He turns away from door.

Henry: Jealous, that’s all. Maybe he thinks you do think it’s a big deal.

J.S.: Well, I don’t.

Henry (Shrugs): Some people don’t know that.

The door opens slowly, James stepping halfway in.

James: John, we should be moving on – the car’s obvious, even in the dark.

J.S.: Soon, Jim . . . . (Nervously pulling a pack of cigarettes from his jacket) Haven’t seen Henry for . . . for a long time . . . .

James: I understand. But we want to be careful.

While J.S. is occupied with cigarettes, James gives Henry a look encouraging him to end the conversation; leaves, closing the door, but remains within view, his back to the door as if on guard.

J.S.: I told you – Jim’s thorough. Good man.

Henry: He’s right, you know. You’re going to attract attention – big Negro standing out there like that.

J.S.: That bother you?

Henry: You know better’n to ask me that.

James moves away from the door, out of sight. 

J.S.: Jim is staying in the Pacific Grove cottage . . .  looks after the place for us. Living there now.

Henry: That doesn’t bother me either, if it’s what you’re asking.

J.S.: Guess it could be taken that way . . . but wasn’t . . . sorry . . . jumpy . . . cigarette?

Henry: Don’t anymore.

J.S. (Nervous, clumsily handling cigarette pack): Remember when we smoked our first one, sitting by the river? Mary was with us. You got sick.

Henry: We all got sick when we saw that bloated cow floating down the river, blowflies everywhere.

J.S. (Smiles, making a face): Okay, you talked me out of the cigarette. (Puts cigarettes back in jacket pocket) I never thought of the river the same after that.

Henry: You loved that river.

Henry goes to cash register, checks for money again, finds none, locks register with a key on his keychain as they talk. He is suddenly brisk. 

Henry: Don’t know why I lock it – station broken into once – couldn’t open the register so they took the whole damn thing! Seventy solid pounds of iron. New one cost me more than if I’d left it open with fifty bucks cash in the drawer for the taking . . .  that would have been the smart thing. (A beat) Why’d you really come back, John?

J.S.: I couldn’t let them drive me out, Henry. It’s my home. What gives them the right to take it from me? My mother was a teacher, my father county treasurer . . . . I went to school and church like everybody else . . . . (Pause) Am I keeping you, Henry – do you have to get home?

Henry (A shift in mood, unsure): Maybe – Lorna worries.

James enters with a sense of urgency; closes door behind him. 

James: John, I’m really feeling uneasy about this. The cops could stop and check and we sure don’t want that. (To Henry) Do cars ever pull into your place to turn around?

Henry: All the time.

James (To J.S): I’ve seen three already. One an old pickup . . .  think I saw it behind us this afternoon on the highway from Monterey . . . (Looking at Henry) Probably just my imagination but looked familiar.

Henry (A beat): Gun rack in back window?

James: Too dark to see. What are you thinking?

Henry: Nothing, wouldn’t mean anything anyway – hunters probably.

J.S. stares at him.

James (A skeptical pause, then to J.S.): I’ll be waiting . . . with engine running . . . (To Henry, smiles, sending a message as he leaves) . . . guzzles gas, sir, even when idling . . . .

Henry (Waits, then picks up his car keys): Think I’ll follow you back to Monterey.

J.S.: Why would you do that?

Henry: Jim a good driver?

J.S.: The best. Why?

Henry (A beat): I might know that pickup . . . .

J.S. (A beat): Maybe I do, too. This isn’t hunting country, Henry, . . . south of here, maybe . . . down by San Lucas, maybe . . . . Anyone I know?

Picks up lunch container, tries to “herd” J.S. toward door.

Henry: That’s between him and me . . . if it’s this person, he’ll recognize my Chevy. He’ll know it’s me following you . . . don’t think he’d try anything once he realizes that . . . .

J.S.: Somebody dangerous, then.

Henry: Hard to say . . . hot-head type . . . a few beers and gets quarrelsome . . . next day ashamed and friendly as can be . . . lot of them like that around here . . . but if he sees me . . . .

J.S. (Both depressed and puzzled): Yeah, okay, someone else I used to know hates me . . . did I ever write about this person?

Henry: You probably didn’t . . . but might think you did.

J.S.: What’s that mean?

Henry goes to door with leather pouch, opening door.

Henry (Encouraging J.S. to exit): I don’t know, John . . . some people just take it personal . . . begin to think it’s them you’re writing about . . . you probably wrote about what he does, that’s all . . . his job . . . people he knows . . . or knows of . . . grows in his head, especially when he’s drinking and listening to what others might be saying . . . feels he has to make a statement of his own . . . . You write about people running service stations, I’m thinking it’s meant for me – old hardheaded Henry . . . hates gas guzzlers even though he has a service station and makes money off them . . . . Now there’s real hypocrisy for you!

J.S. (Smiles): Yeah . . . you’d take offense if I did that – wrote about you?

Henry: Sure . . . but you know what I’d do – give you hell from the get-go, just like old times.

J.S.: You would!

J.S. laughs as he opens door and exits.

Henry pauses, worried, one last look around, then turns off the interior lights, leaving the room in darkness, slips out himself.

Heard: the door being locked from the outside.

III

El Camino Real

1957

A decade later. The abstract, open representation of the front of a car, Including the outline of a windshield, facing the audience.  

J.S. in the driver’s seat. He is wearing a corduroy sport coat and a shirt open at the collar. He pantomimes driving, from “steering” to “accelerating” and “braking.” 

In the front passenger seat is Joan, a middle-aged film star wearing slacks and a plaid blouse with a western design. Her hair tied back with a calico scarf. Strong presence, matching his, perhaps surpassing it. He is in his mid-fifties. She is several years younger. 

They smoke almost continuously, though like the driving this is pantomimed. She lights up for both of them, hands him cigarettes; they snub them out in a center “ashtray.” She uses a “lighter” to light the cigarettes. 

She is curious, inquisitive, concerned for him, but has her own problems. She looks out the window, absently thinking about something else.

Early morning light. They are both smoking as lighting comes up on them. Some silence. Throughout lights will dim then come back up to indicate passage of time.

 J.S. (Driving): You’re quiet. Too early for you?

Joan (Laughs lazily): Too early? You’re kidding, right? By this time – what is it, quarter after? (Looks at her wristwatch) I’d have gone through makeup . . . on the set studying lines . . . getting into character if the character has any . . . all that stuff . . . . You’re the quiet one. Thinking of Elaine back home?

J.S.: Sure . . . and the boys.

Joan: Bet they’re thinking of you, too. Nice family you have. When do we get there?

J.S.: Just passed Santa Barbara. Maybe five hours . . . depending . . . .

Joan (Inhaling, exhaling, waiting): . . . On what?

J.S.: Not sure.

Joan (Laughs): I love decisive men.

J.S. (Smiles): Okay – whether we get pulled over or not.

Joan: Are you planning on speeding?

J.S. (Seemingly tongue in cheek, snubbing out his cigarette): No, pull us over to get your autograph – highway patrol, sheriff’s deputies, small town cops, you know.

Joan: You’re kidding me.

J.S.: Nope.

Joan: You really think I’m recognizable at sixty miles an hour? On the El Camino Real?

J.S.: Sure.

Joan: Without makeup?

J.S.: You’re more recognizable without makeup.

Joan: Are you trying to tell me something?

J.S.: No.

Joan: I think you’re trying to tell me something – about getting pulled over, I mean. Something that is going on in that muddled genius head of yours. (A beat, ruefully) But you’re right about the makeup . . . they generally use it to soften my features. Others, they usually need to strengthen them . . . . Another cig?

He nods.

She puts cigarette in her mouth, lights it, hands it to him. While trying to keep his eye on the road he glances at end of cigarette, puts it in his mouth, exhales.

Joan (Pause): Why did you smile?

J.S.: What?

Joan: You looked at the end of the cigarette before you put it in your mouth – and smiled . . . . Because a woman’s lipstick is on it?

J.S. (Thinks about it): Yeah, I don’t know, I guess maybe.

Joan: I’ve lit cigarettes for Elaine – she’d understand. (A beat) I’m sure n’ hell not flirting with you, if that’s what you’re thinking. Are you thinking that?

J.S.: I’m not.

Joan: Good. We’re friends . . . you and I, especially me and Elaine – we’re almost best friends. Both Texans. Elaine ever hand you a cigarette with lipstick on it?

J.S.: Sure.

Joan: Other women?

He nods.

Joan: So you should be used to it by now. (Pause) You like my cowboy blouse with pearl snap buttons?

J.S. (Cautious): Sure . . . it’s nice.

Joan: Thanks. Reminds me of Texas.

They are silent for a while, both smoking, Joan looking out the passenger window.

Joan (Suddenly, turning to him): You remember prizes for the kids?

J.S. (Softly): In the trunk.

Joan (Relieved): Thank God!

J.S.: Lassos for the boys, cowboy hats for the girls.

Joan: How many?

J.S.: Three of each – one for the winner in each age division.

Joan (Looks front, pause): Wish we’d gotten enough so each kid could have a gift.

J.S. Forty, fifty of them. It’s a big camp.

Joan: I don’t care – hate to see kids disappointed.

J.S.: Might be able to stop along the way, pick up something else. I bought penknives for my boys – in a pinch we could give those away, too.

Joan (Looks at him appraisingly): John, you know anything about kids?

J.S.: I hope so. I have two.

Joan: I mean little kids. Responsible adults don’t let little kids play with knives.

J.S.: Too bad – they could play mumblety-peg.

Joan (Drily): Sure – take a toe off. I played that game growing up.

J.S.: Really?

Joan: You think I wasn’t a kid? (Pause) What’s your game again, the one we want them to play . . . something to do with frogs?

J.S. Lizards.

Joan: Okay, lizards.

J.S. (Smiling at the thought): It’s called Big Lizard, Little Lizard.”

Joan (Nervously inhaling and exhaling smoke from her cigarette, repeating phrase as if memorizing lines): “Big Lizard, Little Lizard.” You think there’re enough lizards running around that camp to keep fifty kids occupied?

J.S.: You only have to reach down. Especially in the riverbeds. When I was a kid we found them along the Salinas River . . . if you knew where to look. Thicker along the Carmel River than the Salinas – hotter there.

Joan: I don’t know – Texas lizards weren’t all that easy to catch.

J.S. (A touch surprised): Did you try?

Joan: Sure! I was a gutsy kid – but we didn’t make a game out of it the way you did.

J.S.: The trick is to catch the biggest and smallest ones without losing their tails. Grab it by the tail, you lose it. (Pause) Do you think Kristin will play?

Joan: Don’t know. She’s game, but may run like hell when she sees me.

J.S. (Looks at her, mildly surprised): You didn’t tell her we were coming?

Joan: Eyes on the road, please . . . . If I had, she’d be gone for sure, or pretend to be sick . . . done it before, other camps . . . . (Snubs out her cigarette, pulls her feet up onto the seat, her arms around her knees. Moodily) Anyway, rather not talk about it if you don’t mind.

J.S. (Snubs out cigarette): How old when you adopted her?

Joan: I told you I didn’t . . . .

J.S.: Okay . . . .

Joan (A beat, softening): Another cigarette?

J.S.: Yes, please . . . .

Joan (Fishing a cigarette out of the pack): I’ve heard her friends talking about me . . . upstairs, in Kristin’s room . . . things they’d never say about their own mothers . . . and the really insulting thing – don’t seem to care if I hear them . . . . Guess what I do for a living makes me fair game . . easy target . . . . (Stretches her legs, lights cigarette) Why’d you slow down?

J.S.: Did I?

Joan (Handing him cigarette): Noticeably. Let off the gas. Was it that sign we just passed – so many miles to Salinas?

He takes cigarette, nods.

Joan: Reflexively? Not intentionally?

He nods again.

Joan: So why does it make you nervous?

J.S.: Don’t you get nervous when you’re going home and it’s been a while? Returning to your past?

Joan: We’re not going all the way to Salinasare we?

J.S.: Close enough. We’ll be skirting to the south. Anyway, they know me everywhere in the valley . . . .

Joan: And you don’t want to be seen?

J.S.: Hell no!

Joan (Studies him, pause): People don’t forget, is that it? Things you’ve written? You think trouble, you’ll get trouble. Believe me, I know . . . that’s why I’m trying to stay hopeful about today . . . .

J.S.: But tense?

Joan: Sure, but thinking good things . . . . I want to be positive. . . . I swear to God, it’s going to work this time – she’s going to like me. (Looks out passenger window) Anyway, thought you’d been back since then.

J.S. Not driving up the heart of the valley middle of the day. Haven’t done that with a woman since Carol and I were young and poor and nobody gave a damn what we did or who we were with . . . . Didn’t know how lucky we were . . . . If we got pulled over it was because a taillight was out or something . . . or a cop needed to meet his quota. Simple things.

Joan: What route you take now?

J.S.: Fly into Monterey middle of the night . . . little single prop . . . come in from the north – San Francisco. Have a pilot, a friend – James. We get to the house when it’s still dark, maybe no one knows I’m around for a while. (Pause) This route – we go through every little town, stop signs in all of them . . . . I make too much a full stop someone might recognize me . . . . I don’t make a full stop, cops or deputies probably pull me over. When they realize it’s me . . . .

Joan: Then what happens?

J.S.: Nothing I look forward to . . . and once word gets out . . . .

Joan: And here you are . . . riding with good old identifiable me. Knew you were trying to tell me something back there. Well, you are, too. Identifiable, I mean.

J.S.: Not like you.

Joan: No? I’ve heard people say they can spot those feverish blue eyes of yours a mile away. Maybe the cops can, too.

He laughs, embarrassed.

Joan: So, why’re they feverish?

J.S: Don’t think they are.

Joan: Well, mine need a little rest – I usually doze through makeup and it’s past time now.

She leans back, closes her eyes. Lights dim to dark, then come back up. Her eyes are still closed. He is smoking. He stretches, yawns. She opens her eyes, rubs them, looks at him.

Joan (Smiles warmly): Hello.

J.S. Hello.

Joan: Suppose I was tired after all. You lit your own?

J.S.: I can do feats of magic.

Joan: I guess! (She looks out passenger window to the right, looks away, looks again) Your river down there?

J.S. (Nodding): The Salinas River. Been seeing it a few minutes now. Flows south to north, same as the Nile. Not many do. Both valleys rich in topsoil. Maybe something to that – flowing south to north . . . both being fertile valleys.

Joan: Fertile for you, too, this river.

J.S. (Subdued): I don’t know.

Joan (Pause): It’s where the big guy was killed, right? Down by that river?

He looks off, uncomfortable.

Joan: Isn’t it? 

John (Mumbled): Yeah . . . little farther north.

Joan: See, I do read you. Want to know something? Your book made me cry. I’ll tell you why – his friend in a way adopts him . . . looks after him like I try to look after my daughter . . . when she lets me . . . . (Pause) Anyway . . . . (Pause, looking out, momentarily dispirited) Anyway, not much water in that river of yours, is there?

J.S. (Glad to be off the subject of his writing): Can’t tell a lot by looking. Underground flow, the Salinas. You have to look at the country around to get an idea if underground flow is meager . . . or maybe even dried up. That’ll tell you. (Glancing to the left) The trees . . . .

Joan: What are they?

J.S. (Pause): Mostly oaks – live oaks.

Joan: They don’t look very live to me.

J.S.: Don’t be fooled . . . you think they’ve about had it, they bounce back . . . they’ll be here when we’re long gone . . . . Anyway, grass tells the truer story. It’s brown, so, yes, river’s looking bad . . . probably dried up underground, too. (Looking past her to the right) And there . . . .

Joan: Where?

J.S. (Pointing): A kind of chapparal – okay if you’re desert country, but we’re not . . . not supposed to be, anyway . . . . There, dust devils kicking up topsoil . . .  carrying it off . . . breaks the farmer’s heart . . . then another dust devil brings topsoil to his field from a neighboring farm and he feels better about it . . . better about his god. Evens out, sort of. Third year of drought, they say. Aquifers drying up.

Joan (To the right): And those men?

J.S.: Oil fields, recent discovery – just putting in the pumps, I’m told.

Joan (Gazing): Moving slowly . . . the men . . . .

J.S.:  . . . well, you can see the heat rising . . . .

Joan (Pause, somewhat sensuously, to herself): Primal . . . .

J.S.: What?

Joan: Primal . . . . (Shakes herself) Sorry – thinking aloud. (Lighting a cigarette) Didn’t know I was.

J.S.: I do that. Can get you in trouble.

Joan (Laughs): Tell me – my life story . . . . (Pause) Did we pass through a place while I was out?

J.S. (Nodding): San Miguel.

Joan: Mission town?

J.S.: Yep.

Joan: Wish you’d told me . . . of course, you’re glad I was sleeping.

J.S.: Uh-huh . . . .

Joan: Anyone look at you suspiciously in San Miguel? A padre, somebody like that?

J.S. (Laughs): I stared straight ahead.

Joan: Anyway, you worry too much.

J.S. (Watching the road, considers, then flatly): Dostoevsky . . . .

Joan: I’ve read him, too . . . . And so?

J.S.: In front of a firing squad . . . .

Joan: And?

J.S.: . . . called off the last second . . . .

Joan: That happen to you?

J.SSomething like . . . not so formal . . . .  

Joan: What you write about, right? That’s the reason? Why don’t you write about something else? The world has lots of problems that don’t call for shooting the writer.

J.S.: I’ve tried. Not as good – not me.

Joan: Well, you’re persistent alright . . . . So am I – I’m not giving up on my relationship with Kristin . . . a mother can’t do that . . . it’s damn well going to work.

J.S. (Notices something, begins to let his foot up on “gas pedal,” nervously): San Ardo. . . feed store . . . farmers come in . . . maybe only one stop sign . . .  not sure, been a while . . . .

Joan: That’s good for you, isn’t it – just one stop sign?

J.S.: . . . the fewer stops, uh-huh . . . .

Joan: I’ll look down. (Can’t resist) Don’t run the only stop sign in San Ardo . . . .

J.S. (But tense): Funny.

He lets his foot off the “gas pedal,” then presses down on the “brake.” He looks straight forward, head inclined. They come to a stop. She lifts her head slightly.

Joan: It’ll look suspicious you stay stopped too long . . . .

J.S.: Quiet, lady.

He accelerates slowly. She waits.

Joan: Okay if I come up for air?

J.S. (Relaxes): We’re back on the highway.

Joan (Straightening): Anyone look at us suspiciously?

J.S.: A few.

Joan: Tall guy in a denim shirt one of them?

He glances at her.

Joan: I peeked. He was staring alright – because this is a pricey car. I recognize the look. Most of these people except land owners are dirt poor. You should expect them to stare at a ritzy car.

J.S.: It’s an Oldsmobile.

Joan: To a fieldworker, that’s ritzy. (Lights a cigarette) You want one ­– a cig, I mean?

He nods. She hands him hers.

Joan (Lighting another for herself): As a kid in Texas I stared at big cars – because I wanted one. Who was inside, I didn’t give a damn. I’ll bet that guy in San – San – ?

J.S: San Ardo.

Joan: Bet he feels the same way. Wants the car, doesn’t give a damn about you or me.

J.S.: My kind of guy . . . .

The lights dim, then come back up, J.S. turning his head, searching the countryside. Joan has taken off her shoes, which are on the “floorboard.” Looks at her feet, then raises one of her hands and looks at it critically. Then watches him.

Joan: What’re you looking at?

J.S. (Subdued enthusiasm): Just the valley . . . got an idea . . . .

Joan: About what?

J.S.: Something I might write . . . translating the land into images . . . in my head.

Joan: That’s what you do?

J.S.: Try . . . lately abstract images . . . gotten lazy, I guess . . . learned it from painters . . . where a lot of abstraction comes from, you know . . . . The viewer can imagine his own detail . . . and so can the reader . . . but been a long time since I’ve seen . . . (Pause) . . . been able to look at . . . at this valley . . . .

Joan: A story coming?

J.S.: Maybe.

Joan: Another novel?

J.S. (Pause): . . . no longer the staying power . . . .

Joan: (Looking out her window, after a few moments): Well, you’re lucky you’re a writer . . . not an actor.

J.S.: What brought that up?

Joan: Don’t know.

He looks at her.

Joan (Pause): Sometimes . . . when I see myself in a film, I feel I’m looking at a corpse . . . my corpse . . . it all seems dead, the story, the other characters, everything . . . even the lame so-called sexy bits . . . . Is that pitiful?

J.S.: I’m sorry.

Joan: Not that way for you – reading one of your books?

J.S.: I don’t do it.

Joan: Smart. (Pause) When did you acquire this fear? Or is it paranoia?

J.S.: When a contract was put out to break my legs, if you call that paranoia.

Joan: That happened?

J.S.: Sure.

Joan: When?

J.S.: One of many threats . . . they stay with you . . . work on you . . . chip away . . . people say forget it, but impossible to put out of your mind, no matter how long ago . . . (Tense, suddenly focuses) Bigger town coming up. Couple stop signs . . . feed store, so farmers come in . . . used to be, maybe still – a sheriff’s substation.

Joan: Cigarette before?

J.S.: No time . . . (Worried) . . . snuck up on me. Been away too long.

He begins to let his foot up on the “gas pedal.”

Joan (Loosening her hair, staring front blankly): I’ll be good . . . .

He glances at her, begins to laugh, loses concentration, quickly “puts on brakes” – for the first time, a slight squealing sound.

Lights to dark, then back up. J.S. looks stricken. Joan is watching him drive while tying back her hair.

Joan: Have a bobby pin?

J.S. (After a few moments, staring straight ahead): Don’t ever do that to me again.

Joan: What? Be myself?

J.S.: You know what I mean.

Joan: You think being myself is easy? For a great writer you’re having a lot of trouble reading me. Anyway, what you’re really saying is don’t make you laugh . . . .  Wonderful hearing you laugh, even choking it back while hitting the brakes.

J.S.: I could have killed somebody.

Joan: There wasn’t anyone.

J.S.: There could have been.

Joan: That was either a ghost town or everyone’s home having lunch. Anyway, shouldn’t we do what they’re doing – have ours?

J.S. (Pause): Not a good idea.

Joan: Oh, right, I forgot – you might be seen.

J.S.: That’s not it.

Joan: No?

J.S.: No. We’re getting close.

Joan (Sudden change of mood, softly): Are we . . .?

J.S. (Nods): In the distance – that’s Monterey Bay.

She looks.

J.S.: Matter of minutes.

Joan: Oh.

She lights cigarettes for both of them in the silence.

Joan (Handing him his): Feel safer now?

J.S.: A little.

Joan: Good – something good . . . .

A long silence as they smoke.

Joan: I forgot my fear for a while . . . the towns . . . fields . . . the river and oaks . . .  . . . like . . . like an Eden . . . (Pause) Remember what I said about seeing myself that way on celluloid? Do you think that’s the way Kristin sees me? If I see myself that way, why shouldn’t she?

J.S.: You’re very much alive.

Joan: Maybe if I’d had a normal life . . . a normal career . . . but how many normal careers are there for women that amount to anything? I’d be a lousy nurse.

He smiles, makes a sharp turn to the left. They bounce a bit because of the road.

J.S.: Potholes.

Joan (Some fear): We’re there . . .?

He pulls to a stop. They look out and down, moving up in their seats, she slowly, anxiously.

J.S.: There – bottom of the hill . . . other side of the gate . . . there’s your camp . . .  lots of boys and girls. (Pause) Can you see her?

Joan (Leaning forward): Hard when they’re running and playing . . . . No . . . no . . .  (Softly) Oh, God, yes . . . there she is – blonde . . . blue shorts . . . alone under one of your live oak trees.

J.S. (Sees her too, smiles): Little bit tomboy?

Joan (Smiles): Little bit.

J.S.: Ready?

Joan: . . . let me take a deep breath.

J.S.: We can come back later if . . . .

Joan: Have to do it now. (Regains some composure) Tell me again the name of that game . . . .

J.S.: “Big Lizard, Little Lizard.”

Joan (Fervently): And the best place to find these lizards?

J.S.: Riverbed . . . if not sunning, then under stones and rocks . . . .

Joan:  . . . if she doesn’t run from me . . . . She did once. . .

J.S.: She won’t this time. You’ll both be fine. (Waits) Okay? . . .

She nods.

J.S.: You’re sure?

Joan (Trying to convince herself, primping her hair, gaining composure, looks at him): I do this for a living, don’t I? . . .

He nods.

Joan (Takes a deep breath, with authority): Well?

He nods again, then presses the “accelerator” gently as they begin down the hill. She is smiling, seemingly full of confidence. The sound of children playing grows closer, louder.

Blackout.

IV

Manhattan

1965

J.S., in his early sixties, at his writing desk in his New York City apartment. Several pads of lined yellow paper and unopened letters on his desk. A hallway stage left, the front door to the apartment stage right. In the back wall, but not directly behind him, a window looking out onto the dark; some illumination from city lights. It is late night.

A bookcase close by. On top, a tape recorder, lighting making it more noticeable. He snubs out a cigarette, looks at recorder. He clicks it on, clears his throat, changes his mind, clicks it off.

He is tense. Picks up a letter, puts it down. Turns and stares at the window. Stands, goes to it, looks out. Paces, return to desk, opens a letter. Leans forward, reads to himself.

Hears a sound from outside the door, starts, gets up, goes to door, listens, tries knob to make sure it is locked, returns to desk, sits, opens desk drawer, pulls out a revolver. Checks if it is loaded, sets it on the desk. Picks it up again, checks it again, smiles at his fear, returns it to desk top, facing the barrel toward the door.

Picks up yellow tablet, looks at something he has written, takes a pencil, adds a word or two, scratches one out, clears his throat, reads from it:

J.S.: “He felt it intensely . . . in the tainted land, by the river, in the wind rustling the oak leaves . . . .”

Looks at tape recorder, considers, switches it on, a slight whirring sound.

J.S. (Looks at tablet, clears his throat, reads again): “He felt it intensely . . . in the tainted land, by the river, in the wind rustling the oak leaves . . . a kind of evil – “

A Man’s Voice (Interrupting): John, who’re you talking to?

He starts, looks up from his tablet. The Gaunt Man is standing downstage, half in and out of the light, in overalls, chewing on a toothpick.

J.S.: Tom.

Gaunt Man (Laughs): First time I scared you!

J.S.: Nah, you didn’t scare me.

Gaunt Man: You sure ‘n hell jumped! (Grins) Something you wrote maybe – scare yourself?

J.S. (Smiles): I’ve done that.

Gaunt Man (Moving into full light): Damn good writer can scare himself.

J.S. (Furtively covering the revolver with a yellow pad): Well, I admit you surprised me, Tom – it’s been a while since your last visit.

Gaunt Man: You were doing okay there for a time – didn’t think you needed me.

J.S.: Don’t take this wrong, Tom, but don’t think I do now.

Gaunt Man: Course you do or I wouldn’t be here – you called for me.

J.S.: You always say that . . . .

Gaunt Man: ‘Cause it’s true. (Chews on toothpick, shakes his head) Beats me why anyone’d question those gone before them!  Like a child questioning how her mama shells peas. Makes no sense. The child never shelled a pea – and you never been where I’ve been. (A beat) What’s that there?

J.S.: What’s what?

Gaunt Man (Pointing at the tape recorder): That – that thing goin’ round.

J.S.: Oh, that’s called a tape recorder. I didn’t have it last time you visited?

Gaunt Man: I’d sure remember something goin’ round like that . . . . It do anything else?

J.S.: Copies your voice . . . . When you play it back, you can hear what you just said.

Gaunt Man: If you just said it, what’s the point?

J.S.: Well . . . .

Gaunt Man: Why not just get a parrot?

J.S.: I got a talking myna bird, Tom, why would I want a parrot?

Gaunt Man (Looking around): Thought it was quiet in here. Where is he – where’s John L?

J.S. (Fingers to lips): In the bedroom. Don’t get him started. He kibitzes, I kibitz back, nothing gets done.

Gaunt Man: Keeping Elaine up?

J.S. (A beat, rather not say, mumbles): Elaine’s gone a few days.

Gaunt Man: Texas?

J.S.: Yeah.

Gaunt Man (Pause): So that’s what you were doing when I came in, copying your voice?

J.S.: Well . . . .

Gaunt Man: Tell me about it.

J.S.: It’s like a Dictaphone machine, Tom – you ever hear of those?

Gaunt Man (Nodding): Sure, like a parrot.

J.S. (Nettled): Yeah, but you don’t have to be so close to be recorded – this thing can hear you clear across the room.

Gaunt Man: So can a parrot. This something new in the world?

J.S.: Been around but getting more affordable.

Gaunt Man: Even for Okies?

J.S.: Not back then. But if they can afford a radio, they can probably afford one of these.

Gaunt Man (Staring at it): But is it a waste of money? . . .

J.S.: Don’t know . . . still trying it out.

Gaunt Man: To do what?

J.S.: I read the words I’ve written into this, to see how they sound when spoken.

Gaunt Man: That’s what you were doing when I came in?

J.S.: Starting to . . . .

Gaunt Man: That so important, how the words sound? Do your readers read your writing out loud? Isn’t that for children’s books?

J.S. (Irritably): Listen, Tom . . . .

Gaunt Man: I don’t get it, that’s all.

J.S.: It’s a rhythm thing probably more than a tone thing.

Gaunt Man (Skeptical): Uh, okay . . . and what’s the excuse for the gun under your writing pad . . . or do you think I missed that Houdini move of yours?

J.S.: That, Tom, is none of your business.

Gaunt Man: Come on – you wanted it seen, so talk about it.

J.S. (Stands, paces): I didn’t want it seen, and I don’t want to talk about it.

Gaunt Man: You sure about that?

J.S. (Felt): I’m clumsy, that’s all. Always been, you know that. (Suddenly morose) Sorry, just tired . . . taking it out on you.

Gaunt Man (Curious, cocking his head): Tired? You are the one man I know never gets tired. What makes you tired now?

J.S.: Riling people, I guess.

Gaunt Man: Hell, John, riling people makes you tick!

J.S.: Well, then, tired of people I riled threatening me and mine.

Gaunt Man: That happen?

J.S.: All my life.

Gaunt Man (Pause): Recently?

J.S. (A beat): Uh-huh.

Gaunt Man (Pushing): When?

J.S.: Few days ago . . . .

Gaunt Man: That’s why the gun?

J.S.: Had guns before, after those boys came after me in California – just about the time you were coming into being.

Gaunt Man: I know that story alright, you told me enough times. The fields by the river, then by that old oak tree, gun at your throat. They kill you – no me, no Tom, no book. Old stuff. This is new – tell me about this one.

J.S.: Not much to tell – guy calls – soft voice – says, “Don’t think you’re safe just because you’re three thousand miles away. I’m coming for you.”

Gaunt Man (Grinning): Maybe a bill collector?

J.S. (Laughs): Could be.

Gaunt Man: Anything more he says?

J.S.: The usual – calls me a Commie bastard. (Ruefully) Well, J. Edgar’d agree with him – least the Commie part.

Gaunt Man: Hoover?

J.S.: Yeah.

Gaunt Man: Then what? – about the call, I mean.

J.S.: Nothing more . . . just quiet, then hangs up.

Gaunt Man (A beat): Call’s from California?

J.S.: Three thousand miles . . . works out . . . unless . . . .

Gaunt Man: Yeah?

J.S.: Unless he’s already here . . . the three thousand miles remark maybe making me think I’ve got some time . . . be clever of him.

Gaunt Man: Why would he warn you?

J.S.: Personal enjoyment.

Gaunt Man (Thinks): Yeah, I’ve seen that.

They are silent a moment.

Gaunt Man (The gun): Why you have this ready to go?

J.S.: Be a fool not to, Tom.

Gaunt Man (Studies him, chews on toothpick): You get lots of threats, why this one in particular bother you more’n others?

J.S.: The softness of the voice . . . something about it . . . reminded me when I was a kid and a slow wind blew up the valley, rustling the leaves of an old live oak tree outside our parlor window . . . or down by the river . . . blowing over the surface of the water could lift hair on back of the neck . . .  (Goes to window, looks out, pause) In the afternoons, in the spring, day after day. Don’t know why, but made me anxious . . . felt like they were talking to me, those brittle oak leaves, telling me things I didn’t want to hear. This voice had that quality, and then, well, Tom, kind of a funny thing . . . .

Gaunt Man: Funny?

J.S.: Hoover’s men tailing me . . . been driving me crazy lately – but since that call a few days ago, glad they are . . . . When I feel I am being followed like this afternoon, and see it’s one of Hoover’s boys with neatly parted hair, I breathe easier glad it’s not a killer . . . Hoover’d hate knowing he’s giving me a sense of relief.

He looks out window meditatively. The Gaunt Man shifts his weight, restless.

Gaunt Man: Watching you now? . . .

J.S. (Moving away from window toward desk): Across the street . . . government’s renting a hotel room . . . a suite, probably . . . . couple weeks now.

Gaunt Man: Watching you through that window?

J.S.: Yep.

Gaunt Man: John, you been drinking? (Goes to window, hand in an overall pocket, chewing on his toothpick; looks out) Just a big building.

J.S.: A hotel. They’re there, Tom. Third floor, fourth window from the left – straight across.

Gaunt Man: Dark.

J.S.: Always is.

Gaunt Man: You’re cool for a man being investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

J.S. (Shrugs): Used to it – they’ve investigated me since the ‘30s.

Gaunt Man: They’re persistent alright.

J.S.: So am I.

Gaunt Man: More stubborn, you ask me. Got anything on you?

J.S.: Not much.

Gaunt Man: Whole lot of work for nothin’ then. (Looks out again): Think they’re watching me now?

J.S.: Better question is, can they see you?

Gaunt Man: You mean ‘cause I’m what people call an apparition?

J.S.: That’s what I mean.

Gaunt Man: Maybe I should wave . . . . What floor you say?

J.S.: Third floor, fourth window from the left . . . almost straight across . . . .

Gaunt Man: You mind?

J.S.: Go ahead.

Gaunt Man (Waves lazily, waits, turns:) And if they saw me? . . .

J.S.: Immediate report to J. Edgar – he’s with a Commie in farmer’s overalls. Hoover’d say adds up – very proletarian.

Gaunt Man: Why don’t you pull the curtain?

J.S.: Sign of weakness.

Gaunt Man: Wouldn’t give them that?

J.S.: Hell no!

Gaunt Man: But you’re glad they’re watching you now?

J.S.: Someone kills me in this room, maybe they’ll see it, get the bastard . . . get my body out of here before Elaine gets back, that’s the important thing. (A beat) Hoover long ago . . . my California days. . . wrote me . . . said there were people wanted me silenced . . . .

Gaunt Man: You take that as a threat?

J.S.: No – just wanted me for himself . . . be the one to get me to crack . . . wrote back thanking him . . . probably embarrassed he might have done something decent.

Gaunt Man: This why Elaine’s gone? For your woman’s safety?

J.S. (Nodding): Sent her off for a while.

A Voice (From off, plaintive tone): Elaine! Elaine!

They both look toward hallway.

J.S.: Elaine’s his favorite.

Gaunt Man: Bring him out?

J.S.: I don’t want John L here . . . not now . . . .

Gaunt Man: The man with the soft voice?

J.S.: Be the same as a child seeing it . . . animals sense death better than we do . . . maybe he’d harm John L . . . find pleasure doing that, too.

A Voice (Pleadingly): John! Elaine! John!

Gaunt Man (Pause, gesturing toward John L’ s voice): Hard to ignore him.

J.S.: Want him to get used to us not being at his beck and call.

Gaunt Man: You goin’ somewhere?

J.S.: Flying to Europe with Elaine. Maybe after I’ll push on to Vietnam . . .  traveling a lot. Not fair to John L. We’re looking for a new home for him. (Pause) We’ll miss John L.

He looks off, embarrassed, almost absently picks up the revolver, studies it, then hefts it.

Gaunt Man: Getting ready?

J.S.: Hope it doesn’t come to this. 

Gaunt Man: How’s it feel?

J.S. shrugs. 

Gaunt Man: Colt?

J.S.: Got two, one for here, the other . . . (Pats his chest) for carry.

Gaunt Man: Licensed?

J.S.: (Nodding): Wasn’t easy – judge had questions.

Gaunt Man: Character witnesses?

J.S.: Had to scramble. Some backed off – afraid of being linked to my name. That hurt . . . .

Gaunt Man: . . . should have expected . . . .

J.S. (Nodding): Did . . . hurt anyway, you know? . . . One signed without hesitation – John L’s vet in Nyack, man named Morris Siegal . . . makes sense, I’ve always done better with animals than people . . . and people who love animals . . . .

A Voice: John L’s hungry! John L’s hungry!

J.S: (Calling): Be there soon, John L . . . . (Pause) The Irish have this belief, if there’s a bird in your home day after you pass on, your soul flies free . . . .

Gaunt Man turns away, chews on toothpick. 

J.S.: . . . they say a wild bird . . . but not many given the chance won’t take flight.

Gaunt Man (A beat, considering): Tell you, John, I hear what you’re sayin’, but freedom’s never done much for me . . . .

J.S.: Tom?

Gaunt Man: Hell, I’m free . . . look at me . . . can go anywhere I want . . . no restraints . . . but I killed a man. . . can’t get that out of my head no matter what I do or where I go.

J.S.: Tom, I wrote that. . . part of your story, that’s all.

Gaunt Man: Don’t like that part.

J.S.: Thought we talked this out long time ago.

Gaunt Man: Talkin’ don’t make it go away.

J.S.: He would’ve killed you, Tom.

Gaunt Man: Didn’t have to make me kill him – that’s all I’m saying. You could have thought about that before putting it down on paper.

J.S.: (Pause): You bump into him out there? That happen?

Gaunt Man: Not yet . . . someday.

J.S.: He’d want revenge?

Gaunt Man: We’re not allowed revenge . . . express ourselves, can do that . . . I’ll hear from him, I know that . . . .

J.S. (Pause): I’m sorry, Tom.

Gaunt Man (Looks away): It’s okay . . . I’m tired, that’s all . . . . so, takin’ it out on you, just like you done me a little ago.

J.S. looks at him with sorrow. There is a silence, then:

The Voice: John L’s lonely! John L’s lonely!

Moved by this, J.S. turns away, looks out window.

J.S.: Would have liked John L here when I die. Named him after John L. Lewis . . . champion of the working man . . . You know that, Tom?

Gaunt Man (Reluctantly, dry): Afraid you’ve mentioned it a time or two.

An awkward silence, then –

J.S. (Laughs): Guess I have!

Gaunt Man (Grins): I’m as bad – nothing so easy as fooling a storyteller.

J.S. (Curious): About what?

Gaunt Man: It’s tough out there, but not so tough as I make out.

J.S.: Same for me, I guess.

Footsteps heard. Then silence. They look at each other, then toward the door. 

J.S.: You’d better go . . . in case . . . .

Gaunt Man: I’m not leaving.

J.S.: You can’t interfere – not allowed.

Gaunt Man: Not leaving, I said.

J.S.: Would destroy something, some kind of balance . . . . you know that.

Gaunt Man (Pauses): You have a plan?

J.S.: None.

Gaunt Man: You ever shoot a man?

J.S. (Anxious, shakes his head): No.

Gaunt Man: And all these years armed! First thing is steady your hand – it’s shaking and you’re not even holding the gun.

J.S. picks up the gun, tries to steady his hand.     

Gaunt Man: Better. (Looks around) Keep the curtain open – your witnesses could be the FBI. (Looks around again) And keep that parrot machine goin’.

J.S. (With relief puts gun back on desk): So maybe it’s good for something after all . . . .

Gaunt ManIf it works, another witness. You think it’s hearing me now?

J.S. (Moving to it): A way to find out . . . .

Gaunt Man (Indicating door, stepping back): Not now – no time – should have asked sooner.

J.S.: Should have . . . .

Gaunt Man: . . . if you don’t make it, guess I’ll never know . . . .

J.S.: Next time . . . .

Gaunt Man: If there is . . . .

The Gaunt Man stepping back disappears into the darkness.

J.S.: Tom . . .?

The Voice: John L’s lonely, John L’s lonely.

J.S. (Moving toward the voice, softly intense): Coming, John L. Now you be quiet, you hush in there . . . .

Turns, approaches desk, looks at tape recorder, puts it on rewind and as it rewinds shakily places the revolver facing the door. The recorder lurches to a stop. He flips the recorder to play. After several seconds of silence: 

J.S.’s Voice“He felt it intensely . . . in the tainted land, by the river, in the wind rustling the oak leaves . . . a kind of evil – “

The Gaunt Man’s Voice (Interrupting): John, who’re you talking to? . . .

J.S., fumbling but with a small smile, flicks the recorder off.

He looks toward the door as it is tried again and puts his hand on the gun as the lights dim to dark.

End of Play

© 2021 Steve Hauk

 

 

 

 

 

Season of Praise for William Souder’s Mad at the World

william-souder-with-sasha

Of the four gospels, Steinbeck’s favorite was the one written by John. He paraphrased it loftily in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, and he was partial to its name. Mining the books of the Bible for material was standard procedure for writers of his generation, but the Gospel According to St. John had special meaning for Steinbeck. Written some time after the so-called synoptic gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke, John’s version is distinctive because it put Jesus’s life story in a new light, building on the narrative contained in the earlier accounts while differing in style of writing, selection of events, and point of view about Jesus’s nature and purpose on earth, adding value to the picture by looking at Jesus in a new way.

William Souder’s Mad at the World (2020), the first commercially published life of John Steinbeck in a generation, has a similar relationship to the comprehensive biographies of Steinbeck written by Jackson Benson—The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer (1984)—and Jay Parini John Steinbeck: A Biography (1994). In biblical terms, Benson is the St. Mark of Steinbeck biography—the first to tell the subject’s life story so fully—and Parini is like Matthew or Luke, making minor adjustments without changing basic facts or challenging basic beliefs.  Like St. John’s gospel, Souder’s life of Steinbeck represents a departure, written in an informal style for a contemporary audience. Free from the high-level interference that inhibited Benson and touched Parini, it adds dramatic new detail and depth to our understanding of Steinbeck’s nature, psychology, and relationships. Reviewer response since the book’s publication in October shows why it needed to be written, and why anger was the right rubric for a 21st century study of Steinbeck’s life, work, and continued relevance.

The Wrath of John Steinbeck

The first published reference to anger as Steinbeck’s governing principle appears to have been The Wrath of John Steinbeck, or St. John Goes to Church, a pamphlet privately printed in 1939 by the young friend from Berkeley with whom Steinbeck stayed over Christmas in 1920, when he worked at a department store in Oakland instead of going home to Salinas. The first published review of William Souder’s Mad at the World appears to have been the September 14 review by Donald Coers here at Steinbeck Now. Coers—a veteran educator and the author of a pioneering 1991 study, John Steinbeck as Propagandist—celebrates Souder’s contribution to the edifice of understanding begun by Benson, now 90, more than 50 years ago. To put the connection in perspective, he quotes the blur for Benson’s book written by John Kenneth Galbraith. “Disproving Galbraith’s claim that no new life of Steinbeck would ever be needed,” says Coers, “Mad at the World seems certain to join existing biographies on the bookshelves of present and future Steinbeck fans, especially in America, a country whose history pervades William Souder’s writing, as it did Steinbeck’s.”

Writing for the October issue of BookPage, Henry L. Carrigan made the case for Steinbeck’s continued relevance in layman’s language designed, like Souder’s, to appeal to readers who are less familiar with footnotes than Facebook, and less likely to buy a 1,116-page book weighing four pounds than one that is half as long and half as heavy. “Steinbeck was a born storyteller who was a bit out of step with his times,” said Carrigan, because “many of his social realist novels appeared during the innovations of modernism.” But we live in an age of March madness and post-modernism, and “Steinbeck remains widely read and relevant today, as vibrantly illuminated by Mad at the World.” When The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer was written, Steinbeck needed defending from academics and the critical mafia in New York. Four decades later, Souder is defending against a different kind of disregard: the neglect that results when new readers lose interest in what an old writer has to say.

The problem of reader ignorance and indifference occupied Steinbeck, who insisted that his readers would get out of his writing only as much as they were willing (or able) to put in. Souder is an investigative reporter with experience helping newspaper readers understand science, and he leaves little to chance in this regard, providing fact-filled mini-histories of the individuals and events that influenced Steinbeck’s life and thought. These include names already familiar to Steinbeck fans—the Wagner brothers and the sisters Kashevaroff, Carlton Sheffield and Carl Wilhemson, Toby Street and Edith Mirrielees, Carol Henning and Gwyn Congers, Ed Ricketts and Joseph Campbell, Elizabeth Otis and Annie Laurie Williams, Ben Abramson and Pascal Covici—along with less familiar figures from Steinbeck’s unsteady orbit: his Stanford girlfriend Katherine Bestwick, the Albee brothers of Los Angeles, and three critics—Edmund Wilson, Orville Prescott, and Mary McCarthy—who resisted his gravitational pull. Particularly helpful for readers who are new to Steinbeck, or unfamiliar with modern history, are the profiles of movements and men who shaped the context and content of Steinbeck’s writing, from Cup of Gold (1929: Lost Generation, stock market crash, rise and fall of Herbert Hoover) to The Grapes of Wrath (1939: Great Depression, Dust Bowl, rise of Roosevelt, Hitler, and Edward R. Murrow), The Moon Is Down (1942: fall of Norway, rise of Japan), and Travels with Charley (1962: John Kennedy, Cold War, and the Cuban missile crisis).

Souder’s commentary on these books, and others, is equally enlightening. Like the attention to movements and events, Souder’s reliance on Steinbeck’s letters and journals rather than literary theory or jargon to explain Steinbeck’s meaning seems perfectly appropriate for a thematic biography like Mad at the World—or The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer, which Benson intended as a critical biography, until he realized he had too much material to do both. Reviewers recognized the virtues of this approach in Souder’s book, expressing renewed faith in Steinbeck’s relevance to our time and renewed appreciation for Steinbeck’s courage in confronting the demons faced by a high-functioning neurotic with anger-management issues and fear of success. Steinbeck’s literary reputation needed shoring up, and Benson delivered. Steinbeck’s personal suffering is the greater concern for readers today, and Souder handles the subject with care, charting the dark side of Steinbeck’s empathy and suggesting that, like Jesus, he suffered for our sins more than his own.

Reviewers at major dailies made this point in reviews published during the first half of October. Describing Mad at the World as “smart, soulful and panoramic,” Alexander C. Kafka’s review for the Washington Post heaped praise on Souder for having “chosen a subject on the same continuum” as his two previous books, Under a Wild Sky, his biography of John James Audubon, and his life of Rachel Carson, On a Farther Shore, pointing out that Steinbeck was “another loner who, like Audubon and Carson, refined his craft through mature, dogged, self-punishing industry.” Describing Steinbeck as “one of America’s few bona fide literary celebrities,” Sam Sacks of the Wall Street Journal  noted “Two clashing impulses [which] provide the tension in Mr. Souder’s book: Steinbeck’s deep-seated distrust of success and the unyielding creative passion that brought his success about.”

Brenda Wineapple’s New York Times review of October 6 took a similar approach in evaluating Steinbeck’s (and Souder’s) achievement. On thee question of Steinbeck’s quality and character, however, she became a doubting Thomas. Steinbeck “might well be one of those once-popular authors whose names we recognize but whom no one reads beyond junior high. Still, his affecting novels about besieged migrant workers and itinerant day laborers may come back into vogue now that the country, if not the world, faces an economic crisis whose proportions have already been compared to, and may far outdistance, those of the Great Depression.” Unconvinced that suffering equals greatness, Wineapple suggests that “to the reader Steinbeck seems less angry than shy, driven and occasionally cruel — an insecure, talented and largely uninteresting man who blunted those insecurities by writing.” (Non-Times subscribers can read Wineapple’s review at the History News Network.)

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Reviewing for the October 9 Boston Globe, Wendy Smith seemed to disagree, describing The Grapes of Wrath as “a lodestar for a new generation of writers seeking to make fiction a vehicle for furious protest and a catalyst for change.” But “Souder’s appreciative yet clear-eyed assessment concludes that Steinbeck’s goal was more modest: ‘He brought people to life who were otherwise invisible and voiceless — because he could, and because he liked them better than the characters who lived in other writers’ work.’” Writing in the October 9 Minneapolis Star Tribune, Mary Ann Gwin praised Souder’s “vivid portrait of a complicated man,” noting that “the best biographers balance empathy for their subjects with an unblinking accounting of their shortcomings” and concluding that “Souder succeeds at this tricky business” in a way that “John Steinbeck, who prized realism above all things, might have approved.”

Most reviewers followed Souder’s lead in evangelizing for Steinbeck. A second exception to the rule was Vivian Gornick, the 85-year-old feminist who reviewed Mad at the World for the October 9 issue of New Republic. Presented as a minority report on Steinbeck by the same left-leaning publication that disparaged him when he was alive and under right-wing attack, Gornick’s diatribe negatively demonstrated the need for Souder’s book: to save Steinbeck’s reputation with readers from political puritanism and neglect. “The amount of print that has been spilled on Steinbeck would fill an ocean,” complained Gornick, a confirmed agnostic on the subject of Steinbeck’s literary divinity: “memoirs, social histories, dissertations, biographies by the yard. Surely by now the cases for and against him as a significant American writer have been sufficiently made.” To the question “Do we need another Steinbeck biography?,” her answer is no.

An anonymous National Book Review post on October 12 rebutted the charge of obsolescence: “Today, the 1962 Nobel Prize winner may be mostly read by high school students, but Souder presents him as a ‘major figure in American literature’ who deserves to be appreciated for his empathy and compassion for the powerless in an inhumane world. Despite his unmistakable admiration, Souder fairly relates Steinbeck’s misogyny, cruelty to his own family, and personal demons of doubt — and the crucially important role his first wife played in his success.” An equally effective counter-argument could be found on the Library of America website a day or two later: “As biographer William Souder shows in his engrossing new book Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck, this long apprenticeship in failure and frustration was the crucible in which Steinbeck’s extraordinary capacity for empathy was forged. Honesty, understanding, and feeling would become the hallmarks of his work, constants even as he experimented with a wide range of forms, styles, and emotional registers. They enabled him, in his greatest work, to give voice to the voiceless, exposing the corrosiveness of power and the perils of social injustice and ecological collapse. At the same time, they did not prevent him from being heedless and sometimes cruel to those closest to him.”

Regional papers also did their part for Steinbeck’s name and Souder’s book. Interviewing Souder for the October 10 St. Paul Pioneer Press, Mary Ann Grossman led with kudos for her fellow Minnesotan. “’Mad at the World’ is the first biography of Steinbeck in 25 years and critics and scholars are loving it,” she wrote. “One of the most enjoyable aspects of William Souder’s biography lies in reading the stories behind the stories,” enthused Hugh Gilmore in the November 18 Chesnut Hill (Pa.) Local: “Souder presents engaging summaries of each book and describes how Steinbeck worked on them, how they were received, and the torments and challenges of their compositions. This is all done with ease and grace and is incorporated into Steinbeck’s life as seamlessly as the stories of his three marriages, two sons, many dogs, raging, dysfunctional family life, and sweet and amusing details.”

Newspapers at both ends of Steinbeck’s America found room for reader responses which, like letters to the editor, veered toward the personal. Woody Woodburn exclaimed in the December 18 Ventura County (Ca.) Star that “biographies do not get any better than Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck.” Reminiscing about Steinbeck’s Sag Harbor in a review for the December 23 East Hampton (N.Y.) Star, Lou Ann Walker recalled that “Years ago on a splendid June afternoon, Elaine Steinbeck invited my husband and me to her Sag Harbor home for tea. Gracious, full of good humor, she took us on a tour of the simple one-story wood-frame house, filled with memorabilia. Her husband had been gone for two decades.” An October 16 post by the poet Stephen Kuusisto at Planet of the Blind said that Souder’s life of Steinbeck is “quite frankly one of the best biographies I’ve read in years, ranking alongside Richard Ellmann’s ‘Oscar Wilde’”—“a nonfiction bildungsroman about a man who was richly alive with all the triumphs and tragedies inherent in a writing life” like Steinbeck’s. “Souder gives us Steinbeck’s blemishes with the light and space to take them in,” wrote Kuusisto. “For my money this is one hell of a compelling book about a writer’s life, the lived life of the unaffiliated places inside.”

Scott Bradfield’s November 28 review for The Spectator was less uncritical. A 65-year-old American who lives and writes in London, Bradfield taught college English and knows his Steinbeck and his literary lives. “William Souder’s Mad at the World is the first significant biography of Steinbeck since Jackson L. Benson’s much longer 1984 volume, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer,” he observed: “It is readable, admiring and compact, and provides a narratively energetic look at a man who suffered many of the same weaknesses as his characters — for booze, benzedrine, depression and bad marriages. But also like his characters, Steinbeck got up every day to test himself all over again, by writing a new book or embarking on a new adventure.” Souder “writes well,” he continued, “and this is a good place to start reading (or rereading) about Steinbeck,” though “Mad at the World sometimes feels a bit too terse and cursory, especially in the last 50 pages, and falls short of communicating a strong sense of the complicated, emotional life of a very complicated, emotional writer.” Bradfield’s example of excessive brevity is the 1944 incident involving Hemingway, O’Hara, and Steinbeck’s walking stick to which Benson devoted two pages and Souder a single sentence. Kuusisto would remind Bradfield that any good bildungsroman, especially that of a figure like Steinbeck, will emphasize the early years, when experience, character, and neurosis are being forged from the materials of daily life.

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Looking for Steinbeck’s Ghost

In 1988, Jackson Benson published Looking for Steinbeck’s Ghost, a collection of essays, sketches, and anecdotes about his 15-year struggle to write the 1984 life of John Steinbeck that has become the bible of Steinbeck studies. In it, Benson describes the obstacles to full disclosure put in his path by members of the Steinbeck family and their lawyers, and he admits that childhood is the hardest thing to get right when writing anyone’s biography. The author or editor of books about Hemingway, Benson became John Steinbeck’s official biographer without ever asking for the job. A few years later, Jay Parini—author of a life of Theodore Roethke—received Elaine Steinbeck’s approval and help in writing the second “authorized” life of her husband. Forty years after Benson, and 25 years after Parini, William Souder had the benefit of their labor, along with the pioneering work of Richard Astro (on Steinbeck and Ricketts), Robert DeMott (on Steinbeck’s reading and journal-writing), and Susan Shillinglaw (on Carol Henning and her marriage to John Steinbeck). By 2016, when Souder started his research on Steinbeck’s life, Steinbeck’s widow, sons, and sisters were gone. This was a lucky break for someone who came to biography from the newsroom, where the truth is everything, and from writing critically acclaimed lives of two Americans—Carson and Audubon—who achieved greatness in fields where truth always trumps fiction.

A Bible reader since Sunday school in Salinas, Steinbeck was attracted to the author of the fourth gospel for literary reasons. Like a good novelist, St. John balances description with dialogue in his gospel, and he starts with an idea about his subject—Jesus is Christ—that guides the narrative, coloring its language and guiding the selection of events to prove its point. Compelled by what Souder characterizes as a pathological urge for privacy, Steinbeck would have preferred the anonymity of the biblical John, whose origin and identity are unknown. John’s alternate version of Jesus’s birth, ministry, and death appealed to Steinbeck; when he was 60 and world-famous, John’s gospel inspired the language of his 1962 Nobel Prize acceptance speech, just as it did the title of the spurious pamphlet about Steinbeck’s righteous wrath at the age 18, published by a friend when Steinbeck was under attack for writing social-protest fiction in 1939.

It’s unclear that St. John read Mark or the others before writing his own gospel. But it’s certain he was writing for a different audience—a contemporary audience with different concerns—just as William Souder has done in writing the life of Steinbeck for a new generation of readers unfamiliar with Benson and unlikely to pick up The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer. We still revere Mark even if, like Steinbeck, we prefer John’s prose style and plot line. If early reviews of Mad at the World are predictive, Souder’s life won’t replace Benson’s on the shelf of essential books about Steinbeck. But Benson will have to move over, as he modestly predicted in 1988, in Looking for Steinbeck’s Ghost: “I had to force myself to realize that there would be many biographies of John Steinbeck and that my work would ultimately be only part of a process. There would be biographers after me who would use what I had discovered, add material of their own, and, indeed, find mistakes or omissions in my account, and they would come up with different, perhaps even more perceptive and valid, accounts of the life and work than mine.”

Photograph of William Souder, with Sasha, by Liz Souder.

The Best Introduction to Steinbeck’s Greatest Decade

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The Western History Association, a professional society for scholars of the American West, was founded in 1961, the year John Steinbeck published his final novel, The Winter of Our Discontent, and wrote the final version of Travels with Charley, the work of “creative nonfiction” that continues to attract readers, and controversy, 60 years after Steinbeck’s road trip in search of an America he said he no longer understood. The Western history organization planned to hold its annual meeting in Albuquerque this year; fortunately for fans of John Steinbeck, having to meet online instead meant that the association’s October 14, 2020 presidential address by David Wrobel is now available to anyone looking for the best video introduction to John Steinbeck’s greatest decade of writing, from In Dubious Battle, “The Harvest Gypsies,” Of Mice and Men, and The Grapes of Wrath to The Moon Is Down and Cannery Row. Watch “Steinbeck Country and the America West” and find out how this writing became a British-born historian’s “window on the American West and nation,” from the New Deal to the Great Society—and how “Jeffersonian agrarian myopia” led to “racial blindness” in The Grapes of Wrath, and “creative fictions” about Oklahoma by the author of Travels with Charley.

Image of David Wrobel courtesy of the University of Oklahoma.

Zoom into Monterey Library’s “Cannery Row Days” Party

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William Souder, John Steinbeck Biographer

susan-shillinglaw-john-steinbeckThe author of Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck (William Souder, above) joins an all-star speaker lineup for the Monterey Library’s 75th anniversary publication party for Cannery Row, the “poisoned cream puff” of a novel resented by locals when it appeared but revered by readers ever since for its humorous depiction of human society—high and low—along Monterey’s historic waterfront. The six-week-long celebration kicked off on September 16 with a Zoom webinar led by veteran Steinbeck scholars Robert DeMott and Susan Shillinglaw (in photo left) and by Gerry Low-Sabado, a fifth generation Monterey native and well-known Chinese-American community preservationist. The six-week-long celebration includes lectures, films, and special events and ends on November 7 with public readings, virtual tours of Cannery Row, Monterey Bay Aquarium, and Ed Ricketts’s Pacific Biological Laboratories—the latter led by Shillinglaw and Mike Guardino of the Cannery Row Foundation—and a panel discussion of “Why We Read Cannery Row in 2020” that includes Souder; Donald Kohrs, librarian and archivist of the nearby Hopkins Marine Station; and Katie Rodgers, the pioneering editor of Ricketts’s letters, Renaissance Man of Cannery Row, and of Breaking Through: Essays, Journals, and Travelogues of Edward F. Ricketts. Registration for California’s “Cannery Row Days: A Novel Celebration” is free and open to the public (thanks to Zoom) wherever in the world COVID-19 days may have you cornered. Sessions in the series will be recorded and available for viewing at the Monterey Library website.

New Life of John Steinbeck for a New Age: Book Review

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What is there left to say about the complicated life of John Steinbeck? In a blurb for Jackson Benson’s magisterial 1984 biography, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer, Steinbeck’s friend John Kenneth Galbraith, the Harvard economist who became John Kennedy’s ambassador to India, claimed that “There will never be another book like it”—adding, “nor will we need one.” The first half Galbraith’s prediction proved to be accurate. Benson—now 90 and Professor Emeritus of English at San Diego State University—began his 16-year project of research and writing on Steinbeck’s life eight months before Steinbeck’s demise on December 20, 1968. In the aftermath of the author’s death, Benson had direct personal access to scores of Steinbeck’s friends, colleagues, and acquaintances, many of whom were dead by the time the next full-scale life of Steinbeck—John Steinbeck: A Biography, by the Middlebury College professor and poet Jay Parini—appeared in England in 1994 and in America in 1995. With its massive assemblage of meticulously researched primary material, Benson’s ambitious life of John Steinbeck is still the source no serious student of the author can afford to ignore.

With its massive assemblage of meticulously researched primary material, Benson’s ambitious 1984 life of John Steinbeck is still the source no serious student of the author can afford to ignore.

Given the scope, depth, and durability of Benson’s accomplishment—and the persistence of Galbraith’s doubt that another book like it was needed—the question of what’s left to say about Steinbeck, 36 years after the publication of The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer, is deserving of an answer. Given the complex, controversial, and consequential character of Steinbeck’s life and reputation, the answer to the question is plenty. The reasons for this are both general to biography-writing and specific to Steinbeck studies. In addition to new material not previously available, newly important details may have been slighted or misinterpreted by previous biographers, and the passage of time typically requires a fresh perspective on familiar facts and old assumptions. Even when details of important events and relationships in a subject’s life story are already well-known—as they are with Steinbeck, thanks to Benson—there is the delight of anticipation in recalling them again in a new rendering, much like looking forward to a favorite passage of music when listening to a familiar piece played by a new performer. New biographers, having the advantage of time, can also address the question—especially thorny in the case of a figure like Steinbeck—of how the subject’s critical and popular reputation has fared through the years. Which works have endured and which have lost their relevance for readers?  What are the major reassessments, if any, of an author’s writing? Finally, there is the matter of accessibility and appeal in an age, like ours, of short attention spans. Benson’s biography of Steinbeck exceeds 1,100 pages. Parini’s is less than half as long. William Souder’s Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck totals 446 pages, revealing much that was unknown, or off limits, to Benson and Parini.

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To its credit, Jay Parini’s life of John Steinbeck included information which was unavailable to Benson or which Benson decided—or was advised—to leave out. Most notable, perhaps, was Parini’s revelation that Steinbeck’s first wife, Carol, had an affair, or at least an intense infatuation, with the future mythologist Joseph Campbell. The beginning of the deterioration in the Steinbeck marriage coincided with Campbell’s 1932 move to Monterey, where the young Ivy League graduate became friendly with the Steinbecks, their boon companion Ed Ricketts, and the bohemian circle that gathered regularly at Ricketts’s marine lab on Cannery Row. Parini reports that Carol, at Steinbeck’s insistence, had a botched abortion that required a hysterectomy, further contributing to the breakdown that led to the Steinbecks’ divorce in 1942. Although the biography adds little to our understanding of Steinbeck’s involvement with Lyndon Johnson and Vietnam in the 1960s, Parini reflects the tenor of the 1990s by offering a more critical appraisal (Steinbeck “fell hook, line, and sinker for an old-style patriotism”) than Benson did a decade earlier.

To its credit, Jay Parini’s 1994 life of Steinbeck included information which was unavailable to Benson or which Benson decided—or was advised—to leave out.

In keeping with greater gender-sensitivity, Parini is also less forgiving of Steinbeck’s treatment of women in the novels and stories, pointing, for example, to the stale stereotyping of women intruding upon an Edenic male world and contributing to its destruction, as Curley’s wife does in Of Mice and Men—stereotyping that was raising eyebrows even before Parini wrote. Without disparaging Benson, reviewers were generally positive about Parini’s book when it appeared, pointing out its appeal—especially to non-academic readers—and praising its economy, pacing, and novelistic approach to Steinbeck’s life. Despite Galbraith’s assessment of Americans’ reading stamina, it seems likely that more non-specialists have been introduced to Steinbeck through Parini’s short life than through Benson’s longer one—until now. Disproving Galbraith’s claim that no new life of Steinbeck would ever be needed, Mad at the World seems certain to join existing biographies on the bookshelves of present and future Steinbeck fans, especially in America, a country whose history pervades William Souder’s writing, as it did Steinbeck’s.

Despite Galbraith’s assessment, it seems likely that more non-specialists have been introduced to Steinbeck through Parini’s short life than through Benson’s longer one—until now.

pulitzer-prize-finalist-william-souderA 71-year-old resident of rural Minnesota who began his career as a journalist reporting on science for the Minnesota Daily, Souder later wrote for major publications including The Washington Post, the New York Times, Smithsonian, and Harper’s. He is the author of three previous books that reflect his interest in science and its intersection with social justice, art, and culture: A Plague of Frogs (2000), Under a Wild Sky: John James Audubon and the Making of The Birds of America (2004—one of only two Pulitzer Prize finalists for biography that year), and On a Farther Shore: The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson, Author of Silent Spring (2012).

In a 2015 interview with Steinbeck Now Souder explained that he was conducting research on Ed Ricketts for his book about Rachel Carson when John Steinbeck “found” him while he was reading about the 1940 “voyage of discovery” made by Steinbeck and Ricketts to the Sea of Cortez. As he became more familiar with Steinbeck’s life, he was fascinated by the way Steinbeck’s career “cuts right across the headlong march of 20th century American history. . . . [He was] born just after the close of the Victorian era—and he dies a few months before Neil Armstrong steps onto the moon. So that was his material. I was hooked.” Steinbeck was personally attractive as a subject, says Souder, because he was “far from perfect—as a man, a husband, a writer, he had issues. . . .  He had a permanent chip on his shoulder. Some of his work is brilliant and some of it is awful. That’s what you want in a subject—a hero with flaws.” When asked “What does your biography bring to the table?” Souder responded, “My way of telling a story.”

When asked ‘What does your biography bring to the table?’ Souder responded, ‘My way of telling a story.’

a-plague-of-frogsLooking for what was causing grotesque deformities in frogs across areas of the northern United States and southern Canada in the mid-1990s, the investigators in A Plague of Frogs confront not only the challenges of ambiguous and contradictory scientific data, but also the roadblocks thrown up by government agencies fearful of the potential economic impact of their inquiry. As in a Steinbeck novel, the investigators are forced to deal with personal and professional conflicts that further complicate their relationship with power. Souder guides the reader through a maze of technical and scientific detail, evoking landscapes and bureaucratic imbroglios with equal drama and transforming what might have become a tedious head-scratcher into a page-turning “what dunnit.”

under-a-wild-skyIn Under a Wild Sky Souder gives contemporary readers a vivid sense of the pristine beauty of the late 18th and early 19th century American countryside—a world that was already vanishing during Audubon’s lifetime—along with a sense of the challenges of travel and communication in the vast and largely undeveloped American wilderness. Describing the distances between far-flung settlements like Louisville, and the effect of isolation on the domestic lives and the intellectual development of families like the Audubons, Souder helps us understand the lengthy, and to modern minds inexplicable, family separations that characterized the era.

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Souder’s attention to Audubon’s rival—a less accomplished artist whose well-connected friends protected his reputation at Audubon’s expense—serves to fill out Souder’s portrait of a rugged artistic genius determined (like Steinbeck) to do things his way and insisting, despite publishers and other doubters, on doing expensive life-sized color images for his magnum opus, Birds of America. Souder captures the contradictions and conflicts of a man who loved animals but shot them, often dozens at a time; who had no qualms about subjecting his dog Dash to an experiment he knew might prove fatal; who, despite his commitment to scientific inquiry, voiced dubious theories and made absurd claims to a prestigious and surprisingly credulous Scottish scientific society. The most ridiculous was a story about a rattlesnake chasing a squirrel up a tree, keeping pace with it as it leapt frantically from branch to branch, and finally catching and swallowing the exhausted critter.

on-a-farther-shoreOn a Farther Shore: The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson displays the same gift for psychological insight and dramatic presentation, in this case involving the challenges faced by a doggedly determined yet extremely sensitive scientist working for the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries during a time of gender inequality, social conformity, and widespread disregard for the dangers of industrial chemicals like DDT applied indiscriminately as pesticides. Rachel Carson was blessed, like John Steinbeck, with a talent for lucid scientific observation rendered in the language of poetry. A woman working in a field dominated by men, she encountered problems peculiar to her situation as an unmarried and unaffiliated agent of social and political change. Like Audubon and like Steinbeck, she was assertive and convincing enough to get her way. In her fashion she defied convention as dramatically as they did, spending the happiest days of her adult life in a long-lasting love affair with a married woman. A masterful blend of empathy and objectivity, Souder’s portrait of Carson foreshadows his psychologically astute treatment of Steinbeck—as an American individualist opposed to those in authority who abuse nature or other people in the name of power or greed.      

A Life-Sized Portrait of a Flawed Hero

salinas-valleyMad at the World opens with a lyrical description of the 90-mile-long coastal California valley between the Gabilan and Santa Lucia mountains where, on February 27, 1902, Steinbeck was born to children of Scots-Irish and English-German immigrants in Salinas, the agricultural town he called home until he left for Stanford in 1919. It is a region remarkable for its sere, rolling hills, rugged mountain vistas, endless fields of lettuce, and pervasive morning fog—in the winter “so dense that you cannot see your feet on the ground,” in the summer a “sea-born fog [that] does not lie still on the land, but seeps over the folded hillsides, rising and falling along the river bottom.” It is country with a storied past, where nomadic Indians ranged for millennia before Spanish explorers arrived, early in the 17th century, in the name of their Christ and their King. When they reached the Salinas Valley they were unimpressed, reporting that its soil was “poor,” its pastures “scant,” and its footing “treacherous.” This proved to be a serious misapprehension about a land where later settlers said “almost anything would grow”—and where generations of agricultural wealth created the power structure Steinbeck complained about, often bitterly, in his writing.

Mad at the World opens with a lyrical description of the 90-mile-long coastal California valley between the Gabilan and Santa Lucia mountains.

Many of the details of Steinbeck’s childhood are unusual, and Souder parses them carefully, peeling away layers of appearance to reveal how misleading mere facts can be. In his senior year of high school Steinbeck acted in a school play, served as associate editor of the yearbook, ran track, made the basketball team, and became class president. Despite the image of a popular all-American boy suggested by the official record, Steinbeck’s friends from that time remember him as shy, reclusive, and withdrawn. As Souder notes, his election as class president “astonished everyone,” and he never actually played in a basketball game. In fact, he “didn’t like going to ballgames.”

Many of the details of Steinbeck’s childhood are unusual, and Souder parses them carefully.

In his judicious selection of telling details, Souder benefits not only from his own research but also from Steinbeck scholarship in the quarter-century since Parini’s biography. Two books published in the last decade—Susan Shillinglaw’s insightful Carol and John Steinbeck: Portrait of a Marriage (2013) and former investigative reporter Bill Steigerwald’s incendiary Dogging Steinbeck: Discovering America and Exposing the Truth about Travels with Charley (2012)—have special bearing on Souder’s reassessment of Steinbeck’s character. Shillinglaw’s study suggests that Carol and John’s lives were even more transgressive and untraditional than previously thought—a view that also emerges in Souder’s portrait. Biographers are allowed to judge, and Souder seems at times to admit being disturbed by Steinbeck’s behavior. He reports “disconcertingly” on the sexual braggadocio regarding Steinbeck’s relations with Carol that Steinbeck employed in his letters to Kate Beswick, a friend and lover from Stanford days. Souder’s response to Steinbeck’s writing to Beswick that his looks were getting worse, but that “my body just now is nearly perfect” is—uncharacteristically—to throw up his hands. “Why Steinbeck kept telling Beswick things like this can’t be explained in any way that makes sense,” writes Souder. “It was simply in his nature.” One thing that can be explained by “things like this” is why Steinbeck didn’t want biographers “mucking around” in his personal life.

Biographers are allowed to judge, and Souder seems at times to admit being disturbed by Steinbeck’s behavior.

It is unlikely that some of the personal details revealed here could have been published earlier—certainly not by Benson and probably not by Parini—even if they were known. Mad at the World is the first major Steinbeck biography published since the death of two surviving members of the Steinbeck family: Steinbeck’s widow Elaine, who died in 2003, and his son Thomas, who died in 2016. Among other disturbing particulars, Souder reports that “Steinbeck forced [Steinbeck’s second wife, Gwyn] to have a number of abortions and had not wanted her to have John IV,” his other son; that John IV at age five got so drunk on champagne at a New Year’s Eve party that he blacked out and woke up the next day “in a little ring of vomit”; and that in his mid-teens John IV “loaded his .22 rifle and held it to the head of one of Gwyn’s boyfriends as they lay drunkenly asleep.” These are the kind of sordid and potentially hurtful details that Jackson Benson removed from the manuscript of his 16-years-in-the making biography, publication of which stalled while lawyers wrangled over objections and possible grounds for litigation raised with Viking Press, which in turn pressured Benson, who vented in his 1988 book Looking for Steinbeck’s Ghost, an account of the interference he encountered in the process of writing the biography that others—not he—claimed was “authorized” by Steinbeck’s family. Benson was understandably embittered by last-minute objections to events which were both true in the telling and, he believed, essential to a full understanding of just how low a point Steinbeck’s life had reached when they occurred.

It is unlikely that some of the personal details revealed here could have been published earlier—certainly not by Benson and probably not by Parini—even if they were known.

Souder devotes two full pages to facts about the writing of Travels with Charley discovered by Bill Steigerwald and revealed in Dogging Steinbeck. In the course of retracing Steinbeck’s 1960 road trip “In Search of America,” Steigerwald demonstrates pretty convincingly that at the very least Travels with Charley is not the nonfictional travel journal that it originally claimed to be. For example, he concludes that in fact Steinbeck “rarely camped in Rocinante, preferring comfortable motels, cozy country inns, and the occasional five-star hotel.” Moreover, he says that for 45 of Steinbeck’s 75 days on the road his wife Elaine accompanied him—decidedly not the impression a reader is left with by Travels with Charley. More troubling for Souder are Steigerwald’s suspicions, mostly buttressed by evidence, that conversations Steinbeck claimed he had with people he supposedly met at key points in the narrative were created from whole cloth—nicely woven, but fabricated from Steinbeck’s imagination.

Souder devotes two full pages to facts about the writing of Travels with Charley discovered by Bill Steigerwald and revealed in Dogging Steinbeck.

Perhaps with Steigerwald’s findings in mind, Souder gives more emphasis than Benson to the claim made by Steinbeck in another work of nonfiction, Sea of Cortez, that, while aboard their research vessel The Western Flyer, Ed Ricketts delivered a monologue on Easter morning which Steinbeck later inserted into Sea of Cortez as the “Easter Sermon.” Benson’s account of the “sermon” quotes a letter Steinbeck and Ricketts sent to Viking to explain the nature of their collaboration on the book they were co-authoring. The letter mentions matter-of-factly that “in one case [in Sea of Cortez] a large section was lifted verbatim from another unpublished work [an essay by Ricketts on nonteleological thinking].” Benson explains that the reference being made is to the “Easter Sermon.” Souder is blunter, calling Steinbeck out for making up facts to suit a fiction by noting that “there was no Easter Sunday Sermon. . . . Steinbeck invented this session, inspired by an unpublished essay by Ricketts on the subject of nonteleological thinking.” He questions other Steinbeck “inventions” as well, though usually in a spirit of sympathy for the creative types who do such things, and with the understanding that Steinbeck naturally inclined toward tall-tale prevarication and embroidery, often but not always in jest.  Writers of fiction do, of course “invent things,” but Souder defends Steigerwald, a fellow journalist, by insisting that the author of Dogging Steinbeck “could be forgiven for applying the rules of journalism to a work that purported to be journalism. First among those rules is that facts matter.” His vindication of Steigerwald’s work notes that it mattered enough to Viking’s parent company, Penguin Group, to call for a caveat in Jay Parini’s introduction to the 50th anniversary edition of Travels with Charley: Steinbeck “took liberties with the facts,” admitted Parini, and his book of nonfiction was “’true’ only in the way that a well-crafted novel is true.”

Perhaps with Steigerwald’s findings in mind, Souder gives more emphasis than Benson to a claim made by Steinbeck in another work of nonfiction, Sea of Cortez.

The economy of Souder’s biography in comparison with the books of Benson and Parini has another advantage: dramatic details of character and behavior stand in starker relief when they aren’t crowded by a plethora of other data, however engaging to specialists or essential to scholars of Steinbeck’s life and times. This is not to suggest that Souder is less than scholarly, or that his research was less than thorough. The helpful notes he provides for the 16 chapters in his book span 48 pages, and his index takes up another 15. His acknowledgement of sources is meticulous, his skepticism about received wisdom is healthy, and his interpretations and assessments of Steinbeck’s writings, where given, are sound. Unlike Benson and Parini, he includes a list of works cited—a scholarly desideratum inexplicably missing from their biographies of John Steinbeck.

Dramatic details of character and behavior stand in starker relief when they aren’t crowded by a plethora of other data, however engaging to specialists.

Souder’s treatment of Steinbeck’s character and conduct is sympathetic but not sugar-coated; admiring, but assuredly not adulatory. The portrait that emerges is that of a young boy raised in a proper post-Victorian household, a young church-going Episcopalian who loved his home but remained stubbornly unconventional, even when he behaved. A boy who loved nature and animals but remained aloof from his peers, few of whom could claim to have known him very well. A boy who, in the parlance of the day, would have been called peculiar; a self-styled outcast who preferred the company of other outsiders. A boy with an inner intensity betrayed by a “piercing gaze . . . [which] set him apart even more.” (In a 1981 interview with this reviewer, Steinbeck’s friend Bo Beskow, the renowned Swedish artist who painted three portraits of Steinbeck between 1937 and 1957, recalled his eyes as his most arresting feature.) The well-behaved albeit strange boy with the bright blue eyes developed into a young man whose bohemianism would put the Sixties to shame—a highly successful yet deeply troubled writer whose personal life was frequently in disarray; a deeply sensitive man who could be highly insensitive to others, including family and friends, beset with debilitating self-doubt and afflicted by celebrity which, like Kino’s pearl, proved both a blessing and a curse.

Souder’s treatment of Steinbeck’s character and conduct is sympathetic but not sugar-coated; admiring, but assuredly not adulatory.

Still, Souder’s emphasis on the virtues that attracted him to Steinbeck goes far in explaining why this “hero with flaws” remains more relevant than ever for audiences familiar with the vocabulary and values of environmentalism, equality, and the other causes espoused by Steinbeck in his life and writing. Among those virtues is the sheer variety of Steinbeck’s interests. More than any other major writer of fiction in English in the middle third of the 20th century, Steinbeck made science a pursuit and a cause—one that closely aligned with his phalanx theory of human behavior, developed by analogy with the behavior that he and Ed Ricketts observed in the intertidal organisms they collected and celebrated in the course of their collaboration. Their proto-ecology was prescient, anticipating by two decades the courageous pioneer who gave birth to the modern environmental movement—Rachel Carson. Thanks to their biographer, William Souder, Steinbeck and Carson can be seen as reverse images of one another: Steinbeck the professional writer with a serious interest in science, Carson the professional scientist with a gift for writing that made her a model of graceful style for generations of students versed in the profound simplicity of Silent Spring and Of Mice and Men.

Souder’s emphasis on the virtues that attracted him to Steinbeck goes far in explaining why this ‘hero with flaws’ remains more relevant than ever.

Steinbeck’s anger at social, environmental, and economic injustice resonates with fresh force in the age of COVID-19. As Souder notes in his splendid concluding chapter, a number of Steinbeck’s works are still very much alive today, thanks to their relevance and readability. The creation of memorable characters may be the single most important legacy any storyteller can leave. Whether Steinbeck deserves to be ranked in the company of Dickens, Twain, and Faulkner is a question of individual taste and perception. But like Pickwick, Tom Sawyer, and the Compson clan, Steinbeck’s characters have had a life of their own, beyond the pages of Cannery Row or The Grapes of Wrath. They have survived for the better part of a century and their health remains robust.

Steinbeck’s anger at social, environmental, and economic injustice resonates with fresh force in the age of COVID-19.

Mad at the World is a more than an addendum to the Steinbeck story, challenging Galbraith’s claim that nothing need be written or read after Benson with regard to the life and adventures of John Steinbeck, writer. A brisk and engaging account by a highly-regarded biographer whose estimation of Steinbeck’s importance a half-century after his death is itself testimony to his durability as a writer of fiction and critic of our world. Readers unfamiliar with Steinbeck’s story will come away from Souder’s rendering with a forceful first impression. Those who feel they already know the story well enough can anticipate the pleasure of traveling down a newly-opened road through one’s home town: the general landscape is familiar, but the perspective is novel and the trip its own reward.

Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck will be released by W.W. Norton and Company on October 13.—Ed.

Like Steinbeck, Short Stories By Michael Katakis Show How Dangerous Men Can Be

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John Steinbeck said Montana was the state he’d pick to live in if he hadn’t been born in California, or become a citizen of the world who now called Manhattan home. In the early short stories of The Pastures of Heaven (1932) and The Long Valley (1938), the author of The Grapes of Wrath and East of Eden showed how vast spaces, violent events, and the struggles of victims and villains conspire to make good men dangerous and dangerous men deadly, stripping the veneer off civilization to expose the coarseness, and the fineness, of the essential human grain. Like Steinbeck, the American writer Michael Katakis can claim global citizenship (Carmel, Paris, London), international connections (as a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and executor for Hemingway’s literary estate), and—as demonstrated in his latest book, Dangerous Men—an ability to transpose personal loss (the tragic death of his young wife, the anthropologist Kris L. Hardin) into a particularized locale (rural Montana) as remote from most readers’ experience as Hemingway’s Pamplona or Steinbeck’s Big Sur.

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Dangerous Men is Michael’s first work of fiction, and “Hunter’s Moon”—the most nakedly autobiographical of the interconnected short stories in the collection—was written in Montana 16 years ago, long before Kris died from a brain tumor. Much of the rest of the writing was done over coffee or an appertif at a Paris-boulevard café, in a process of self-recovery that one doubts is finished, or ever will be. The result is a work whose dark tone and deadly theme are announced in the epigraph from The Pastures of Heaven that opens “The Fence,” the first story; the second, “Home for Christmas,” ends with a bitter reversal worthy of O’Henry, or the occasional Steinbeck. The remaining stories recount the revenge odyssey of a wandering hero with the wonderful name of Walter Lesser, a latter-day cowboy and Gary Cooper lookalike who ends up, like Tom Joad, as a larger-than-life legend. Raja Shehadeh, the author of Palestinian Walks: Notes on a Vanishing Landscape (2008), has described Dangerous Men as “a work of great sensitivity and lyrical beauty.” For fans of John Steinbeck, the Montana short stories of Michael Katakis are also a form of continuing communion with the spirit of The Pastures of Heaven—a place where violent events play out against vast spaces under the sign of the Hunter’s Moon. Highly recommended for Steinbeck readers and others safe-sheltering from the dangerous men in Washington, D.C.

Hunter’s Moon photograph courtesy of the Daily Express.

Flight: A Play in One Scene by Steve Hauk

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J.S., older, at his writing desk in his New York City apartment. Corduroy sport coat, plaid shirt open at the collar. Several pads of lined yellow paper and unopened letters on his desk. A hallway stage left, the front door to the apartment stage right. In the back wall, but not behind him, a window looking out onto the dark, some illumination from city lights. It is late night.

A bookcase close by. On top, a tape recorder, lighting making it slightly more noticeable. He snubs out a cigarette, looks at recorder. He clicks it on, clears his throat, changes his mind, clicks it off.

He is tense. Picks up a letter, puts it down. Turns and stares at window. Stands, goes to it, looks out. Paces, return to desk, opens a letter. Leans forward, reads to himself.

Hears a sound from outside the door, starts, gets up, goes to door, listens, tries   knob to make sure it is locked, returns to desk, sits, opens desk drawer, pulls out a revolver. Checks if it is loaded, sets it on the desk. Picks it up again, checks it again, smiles at his fear, returns it to desk top, facing the barrel toward the door.

Picks yellow tablet, looks at something he has written, takes a pencil, adds a word or two, scratches one out, clears his throat, reads from it:

J.S.: “He felt it intensely, in the tainted land, in houses, in small towns and . . .”

Looks at tape recorder, considers, switches it on, a slight whirring sound.

J.S. (Looks at tablet, clears his throat, reads again, to the tape recorder): He felt it intensely, in the tainted land, in houses, in small towns and large cities, on plains and rolling hills, a kind of evil –

A Man’s Voice (Interrupting): John, who’re you talking to . . . ?

He starts, looks up from his tablet. The Gaunt Man is standing downstage, half in and out of the light, in overalls, chewing on a toothpick.

J.S.: Tom!

Gaunt Man (Laughs): First time I ever scared you!

J.S.: Nah, you didn’t scare me.

Gaunt Man: You sure ‘n hell jumped! (Grins) Something you wrote – scare yourself?

J.S. (Smiles): I’ve done that.

Gaunt Man: Damn good writer who can scare himself.

J.S. (Furtively covering the revolver with a yellow pad): Well, I admit you surprised me, Tom – it’s been a while since your last visit.

Gaunt Man: You were doing okay there for a time – didn’t think you needed me.

J.S.: Don’t take this wrong, Tom, but don’t think I do now.

Gaunt Man: Course you do or I wouldn’t be here – you called for me.

J.S.: You always say that . . .

Gaunt Man: Cause it’s true. (Chews on toothpick, shakes his head) Beats me why anyone’d question those gone before them! . . . Like an infant questioning how her mama shells peas. Makes no sense. The infant hasn’t shelled a pea – and you haven’t been where I’ve been. (A beat) What’s that there?

J.S. (Thinking initially he means the revolver, puts his hand over pad): What’s what?

Gaunt Man (Pointing at the tape recorder): That – that thing goin’ round?

J.S. (Relieved): Oh, that’s called a tape recorder. I didn’t have it last time you visited?

Gaunt Man: I’d sure remember something goin’ round like that . . . does it do anything else?

J.S.: Copies your voice . . . when you play it back, you hear what you just said.

Gaunt Man: If you just said it, what’s the point?

J.S.: Well . . .

Gaunt Man: Why not just get a parrot?

J.S.: I got a talking myna bird, Tom, why would I want a parrot?

Gaunt Man (Looking around): Thought it was quiet in here. Where is he – where’s John L?

J.S. (Fingers to lips): In the bedroom, snoozing. Don’t get him started. John L kibitzes, I kibitz back, nothing gets done.

Gaunt Man: Keeping Elaine up?

J.S. (A beat, bordering on a mumble): Elaine’s gone a few days.

Gaunt Man (Pause): So that’s what you were doing when I came in, copying your voice?

J.S.: Well . . .

Gaunt Man: Tell me about it.

J.S.: It’s like a Dictaphone machine, Tom – you ever hear of those?

Gaunt Man (Nodding): Sure, like a parrot.

J.S. (Nettled): But you don’t have to be as close to be recorded, so it’s different. This thing can hear you clear across the room.

Gaunt Man: So can a parrot. This something new in the world?

J.S.: Been around a while, but now a little more affordable . . .

Gaunt Man: Even for Okies?

J.S.: Not back then. But the Okies today – if they can afford a radio, they can probably afford one of these.

Gaunt Man (Staring at it): Yeah, sure, but is it a waste of money?

J.S.: Not sure yet . . . still trying it out.

Gaunt Man: To do what?

J.S.: I read the words I’ve written into this, to see how they sound.

Gaunt Man: That’s what you were doing when I came in?

J.S.: Starting to . . .

Gaunt Man: That so important, how the words sound? Do your readers read your books out loud? Isn’t that for children’s books?

J.S. (Irritably): Listen, Tom –

Gaunt Man: I don’t get it, that’s all.

J.S.: It’s a rhythm thing . . . probably more than a sound thing.

Gaunt Man (Skeptical): Uh, okay . . . and what’s the excuse for the gun under your yellow writing pad . . . or do you think I missed that clever move of yours?

J.S.: That, Tom, is none of your business.

Gaunt Man: Come on – you wanted me to see it, so talk about it.

J.S. (Stands, paces): I didn’t want you to see it, and I don’t want to talk about it.

Gaunt Man: You sure about that?

J.S. (Felt): I’m clumsy, that’s all. Always have been, you know that. (Suddenly morose): Sorry, Tom, just tired . . . taking it out on you.

Gaunt Man (Curious, cocking his head): Tired? You are the one man I know never gets tired. What makes you tired now?

J.S.: Riling people, I guess.

Gaunt Man: Hell, John, riling people’s what makes you tick.

J.S.: Well then, I’m tired of people I riled threatening me and mine.

Gaunt Man: That happen?

J.S.: All my life, from the California days on.

Gaunt Man (Pause): Recently too?

J.S. (A beat): Sure . . .

Gaunt Man (Pushing): When?

J.S.: . . . few days ago. . .

Gaunt Man: That’s why the gun?

J.S.: Had guns before, after those cowboys came after me – about the time you were coming into being, Tom.

Gaunt Man (Gently): I know that story alright, you told me enough times – they kill you, no me, no Tom. We settled that . . . Now tell me about this one.

J.S.: Not much to tell – guy calls – soft voice – says don’t be thinking you’re safe just because you’re three thousand miles away. I’m coming for you.

Gaunt Man: Maybe a bill collector?

J.S. (Laughs): Could be.

Gaunt Man: Anything more this guy says?

J.S.: The usual – calls me a Commie. (Smiles ruefully) Well, J. Edgar would agree with him.

Gaunt Man: Hoover?

J.S.: Yeah.

Gaunt Man: Then what – about the call, I mean.

J.S.: Nothing more . . . he hangs up – softly.

Gaunt Man (A beat): Call’s from California?

J.S.: Three thousand miles . . . so works out . . . unless . . .

Gaunt Man: Unless?

J.S.: Unless he’s already here . . . the distance remark making me think I’ve got some time . . . be clever of him.

Gaunt Man (The gun): Why you have this ready to go?

J.S.: Be a fool not to, Tom.

Gaunt Man (Studies him, chews on toothpick): You get lots of threats, why this one bother you?

J.S.: The softness of the voice . . . something about it . . . reminded me when I was a kid and a soft wind blew up the valley, rustling the leaves outside my house . . . (Goes to window, looks out, pause) . . . in the afternoons, day after day. . . I told you before . . . don’t know why, but that scared me as a boy in Salinas . . . still does . . . this voice had that quality . . . like the soft wind through the trees . . .  and then . . . well . . . (Change of mood, shrugs his shoulders) . . . well, kind of a funny thing now . . .

Gaunt Man: Funny?

J.S.: Hoover’s men tailing me been driving me crazy lately – but since that call, I’m glad they are . . . doing me a favor – when I’m followed like this afternoon, and see it’s one of Hoover’s boys, I breathe easier . . . (Smiles) Hoover’d have a fit if he thought he was doing me a favor    . . .

They are quiet a moment as he looks out window meditatively. The Gaunt Man shifts his weight restlessly.

Gaunt Man: Watching you now? . . .

J.S. (As he moves away from window, back to desk): Across the boulevard . . . government’s renting a hotel room . . . a suite, probably.

Gaunt Man (Still skeptical): Watching you through that window?

J.S.: Yep.

Gaunt Man: John, you been drinking? (Goes to window, hand in an overall pocket, casually looks out, chewing on his toothpick) Can’t see nothin’ . . . just a big building . . .

J.S.: That’s a hotel. They’re there, Tom.

Gaunt Man: You sure?

J.S.: Third floor, fourth window from the left.

Gaunt Man: You seem pretty cool for a man being investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

J.S.: They’ve investigated me since the Thirties.

Gaunt Man: Get anything on you?

J.S.: Not much.

Gaunt Man (Looks out again): You think they’re lookin’ at me now?

J.S. (A beat): Better question is, can they see you?

Gaunt Man: You mean `cause I’m what some people call a apparition?

J.S.: That’s what I’m wondering.

Gaunt Man: Maybe I should wave . . . (Looking again) What floor you say?

J.S.: Third floor, fourth window from the left . . . almost straight across . . . should be dark so you can’t see them.

Gaunt Man (Looking): I’ll wave . . . (Does so, lazily, waits, turns back) And if they saw me? . . .

J.S.: Immediate report to J. Edgar – “Boss, the writer’s hanging out with a Commie in overalls.” Hoover’d say, “That figures,” might even laugh . . .

Gaunt Man: But you’re glad they’re watching you now . . .

J.S.: Someone kills me in this room, maybe they’ll see it, get the bastard . . . more important, get my body out of here before Elaine returns. (A beat) Hoover long ago . . . my California days . . . we go way back, you know . . . both of us young . . . sent me a typewritten note, unsigned, but I knew it was from him . . . wrote there were people wanted me dead . . . told me to be wary of strangers, maybe even some people I knew . . .

Gaunt Man: You take that as a threat?

J.S.: A warning – he wanted me for himself, wanted to be the one to get me to crack. I sent a return note thanking him, signed my name, never got a reply ­– think he was embarrassed he might have done something nice.

Gaunt Man: All this why Elaine’s gone? For your woman’s safety?

J.S. (Nodding): Sent her off for a while.

A Voice (From off, plaintiff tone): Elaine! Elaine!

They both look toward hallway.

J.S.: We woke him.

Gaunt Man: Bring him out?

J.S.: I don’t want him here . . . in case . . .

Gaunt Man: The man with the soft voice?

J.S.: Be the same as a child seeing it . . . animals know about death . . . maybe he’d kill John L too . . . sounded like someone who’d find pleasure doing something like that . . .

A Voice (Pleadingly): John! Elaine! John!

Gaunt Man (Pause, gesturing toward John L’s voice): Well?

J.S. (Pause): Not yet – I want him to get used to us not being around, not at his beck and call.

Gaunt Man: You goin’ somewhere?

J.S.: We’re flying to Europe soon, maybe after I’ll push on to Vietnam. (Pause, softer) John L doesn’t know it, but he’s leaving us . . . going to Hollywood, has a new home waiting with Fred, a movie man . . . makes damn good movies, Fred does.

J.S. looks off, then moves tablet, almost absently picks up the revolver, studies it.

Gaunt Man (Waits, then): How it feel?

J.S. (Noncommittal): Okay . . .

Gaunt Man: Colt automatic?

J.S.: Got two, one for here, the other (Pats his chest) for carry.

Gaunt Man: Licensed?

J.S.: (Nodding): Wasn’t easy . . .

Gaunt Man: Character witnesses?

J.S.: Needed four . . . had to scramble . . . Some friends backed off . . . that hurt some . . .

Gaunt Man: . . . should have expected . . .

J.S. (Nodding): I did . . . hurt anyway, you know? . . . One signed without hesitation – John L’s vet’ in Nyack, man named Morris Segal . . . said he likes the way I treat animals, doesn’t give a damn about my politics . . .

A Voice: John L’s hungry! John L’s hungry!

J.S: (Calling): Be there soon, John L . . . (A beat) Likes celery and bananas, John L does . . . and a thick piece of wheat bread spread with butter. (Pause) You know, Tom, the Irish have this belief if there’s a bird in your home the day after you die, your soul flies free . . .

The Gaunt Man turns away, looks off, with his hands in his overall pockets, chews restlessly on his toothpick.

J.S.: . . . they say a wild bird . . . but not many birds given the chance won’t take flight . . . why we clip their feathers and keep them in cages . . . denying them freedom.

Gaunt Man (Trying to sound offhand, but tense): Tell you, John, freedom hasn’t done much for me – I’m free but I killed a man and can’t forget it . . .

J.S.: Tom . . .? Tom, I wrote that.

Gaunt Man (Turns back to face him): You wrote it, but it happened to me.

J.S.: Needed to do it . . . you had to suffer . . .  thought you understood, thought we talked all this out long ago . . .

Gaunt Man: Talkin’ don’t make it go away. Sometimes I try imaginin’ that man – what he done to make me so angry . . .

J.S. (Pause): You bump into him out there?

Gaunt Man: Not yet . . . but keep an eye.

J.S.: You think he’d want revenge?

Gaunt Man: We’re beyond revenge out there but not above letting the other know. I keep an eye for cops, too, you havin’ me say wherever a cop was beating up a field worker and, well, the rest of that stuff, that I’d be there . . . don’t see me or anyone else lasting long sayin’ stuff like that . . .

J.S.: Don’t forget, Tom, I made you resourceful.

Gaunt Man: Yeah, maybe . . .

J.S. (Pause, studies him): . . . and gave you ideals . . .

Gaunt Man: I guess . . .

J.S. (Conceding): I’m sorry, Tom . . .

Gaunt Man (Nods acceptance, chews on toothpick, looks away, pause): It’s okay . . . I’m tired, that’s all . . . so takin’ it out on you, I guess.

J.S. looks at him with a kind of sorrow. There is a silence, then:

The Voice: John L’s lonely! John L’s lonely!

J.S. turns away, goes to window, looks out.

J.S.: John L realizes we’re coming to the end . . . Elaine, him, me . . . (Pause) . . .     would have liked him here the day after I die . . .

Gaunt Man (Looking toward door): He might be, you’re not careful.

J.S.: I named him after John L. Lewis . . . champion of the working man . . . not unlike you, Tom. (Looking out window, trying to lighten the mood) You can bet an agent’s dialing Hoover right now – “Hey, boss, no reason to worry about that writer anymore – he’s talking to himself again.” And Hoover says, “Imbecile, those are just the kind we need to worry about – the crazy ones.”

Gaunt Man tries to smile, can’t. They are silent a moment, awkward with each other for the first time. Footsteps heard. Then silence. They look toward door.

J.S.(Pause): You’d better go . . . just in case . . .

Gaunt Man: You sure?

J.S.: You being here would destroy something . . .  some kind of balance we shouldn’t fool with . . .

The Gaunt Man takes a few steps back, gesturing toward the window.

Gaunt Man: Use your head – shoot straight and keep the lights on and the blinds up . . . (Indicating tape recorder) . . . and that parrot machine goin’ round . . .  might prove handy somehow . . .

J.S: So maybe it’s good for something after all?

Gaunt Man: Maybe . . . (With a sudden cock of his head) You think it’s hearing me . . . hearing what I’m saying?

J.S. (Looking over at it, same curious attitude): I don’t know, Tom.

The Gaunt Man disappears into the darkness.

Gaunt Man’s Voice (Trailing off): . . . hearing my voice . . .

J.S. waits a moment, then approaches his desk.

The Voice: John L is lonely! John L is hungry!

J.S. (Sotto voce): I’m coming, John L. I’m coming with celery and a banana – maybe even a nice piece of wheat bread.

J.S. looks at the tape recorder. Sets the revolver on the desk pointing toward the door. He puts the recorder on rewind. The sound is intense. He waits, nervous, an eye on the door. The recorder lurches to a stop. The door is tried. J.S.  flips the recorder on play, without looking picks up the gun and holds it ready.

The Tape Recorder (After a few seconds of silence): “He felt it intensely, in the tainted land, in houses, in small towns and large cities, on plains and rolling hills, a kind of evil – “

Gaunt Man’s Voice (Interrupting): “John, who’re you talking to . . .?”

Blackout.

Gavin Jones Revisits Steinbeck@Stanford

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If Gavin Jones had been a professor there 100 years ago, would John Steinbeck have stayed at Stanford University long enough to finish? Probably not, according to Jones, who addressed the fraught subject of Steinbeck@Stanford at the Stanford University Library on January 30. Jones—who holds the Frederick P. Rehmus Family Chair in Humanities in the Department of English—spoke to a capacity crowd of 200 at the evening event, which was sponsored by the Stanford Historical Society and included a pop-up exhibit from the library’s collection of Steinbeck manuscripts and memorabilia. Credited with contributing to the revival of campus interest in Steinbeck, who enrolled intermittently between 1919 and 1925, Jones used examples of Steinbeck’s early writing to show how Stanford’s emphasis on creativity, collaboration, and interdisciplinary learning shaped the character, context, and content of works like To a God Unknown and Cannery Row—manuscripts of which, in Steinbeck’s hard-to-read hand, were on display at the event. Although he left without earning a diploma and refused to accept an honorary degree, “Stanford was always on his mind,” said Jones. Assuming “the mythology of a misfit” early in his career, Steinbeck was a life-long experimenter whose insights into ecology, empathy, and eugenics—all shaped by Stanford—were, Jones added, ahead of their time and set him apart from literary figures like William Faulkner, who dropped out of Old Miss, and Ernest Hemingway, who skipped college to work as a reporter.

Sketches of John Steinbeck and Ed Ricketts Resurface in Carmel, California Collection

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Numerous artists drew, painted, or photographed John Steinbeck, but artistic images of his friend Ed Ricketts are relatively rare. This made the chance discovery of a drawing of Ricketts by Ellwood Graham—in a Carmel, California art collection that also includes Graham’s sketch of Steinbeck—especially exciting. Both drawings are discolored and have acid burn, but Graham’s lines are vivid and the impression in both, even before restoration, remains strong.

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In 1991 Graham penned his remembrance of doing the two drawings (shown here) around 1940-41, and in 1995 they were included in a Monterey Museum of Art exhibition, curated by Richard Gadd and called “Monterey Life: The Steinbeck Years.” Ironically, when I came across the pair on my first visit to a Carmel collector’s home several months ago I was writing The Willow Grave, a screenplay on Graham and his wife Judith Deim. Ricketts and Steinbeck are significant characters in the story.

“Doing John’s Portrait Was an Unusual Luxury” for Artist

Graham’s recollection of sketching Steinbeck was still fresh when he wrote this note:

Doing John’s portrait was an unusual luxury in this way. A portrait subject usually sits stiffly several times at best. But since John was present in my studio for hours of many days, I had ample time to exploit the project in many ways and mediums. This particular drawing was done in the manner of a technique called silverpoint – which attempts to suggest much with little, a simple clarity of line. This work is not true silverpoint but very similar in intent and result. I should have mentioned that the reason for this “artists” luxury was John’s longhand writing of “The Sea of Cortez.” Therefor several studies were made.

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Equally strong was Graham’s memory of sketching Ricketts:

The drawing of Ed was done quickly during a brief posing period. Later in my studio, and drawing on my memory and experience, a more complete three-dimensional work was done and I am quite certain hangs in the Steinbeck library in Salinas. I planned on doing an oil but that project was never accomplished.

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Ellwood Graham and Judith Deim—then going by her given name of Barbara Stevenson—were artists from St. Louis, Missouri, who made their way to California on Route 66 during the Dust Bowl days of the Great Depression. By chance in Los Angeles they met Gordon Grant, the California artist who was creating murals under the auspices of the Federal Art Project, and he hired them. They were working on the mural in the Ventura, California post office when—again a chance meeting—they met Steinbeck and Ricketts, who were passing through on their way to Mexico. Before parting, Ricketts and Steinbeck invited the young artists to visit Monterey, which, of course, they eventually did. Deim was to do her own portrait of Steinbeck (shown here). It is in the collection of the Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies. Graham also did an oil portrait of the writer, but it was lost and its whereabouts are unknown.

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Newlyweds, Deim and Graham (shown with their children in this undated photo) met as students in the School of Fine Arts at Washington University and went on to distinguished careers in California and Mexicao. Deim exhibited at the San Francisco Museum of Art, the Palace of the Legion of Honor, and the Patzcuaro Museum (she spent the last years of her life in Mexico’s Michoacan). Among many honors, she was the first artist given a solo exhibition at the Carmel Art Association, in 1946. Graham has work in the Whitney Museum, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the De Young Museum, and the Monterey Museum of Art. Among dozens of exhibits and solos, he had work in the 1939 Golden Gate International Exhibition in San Francisco. Deim spent her last years in Mexico. Graham died in Oregon.

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An art dealer in Los Angeles who specializes in early modernism told me he knew Graham had a strong sense of his worth as an artist, “because when I find his old paintings, they usually have a pretty high price—for the time—on the reverse side.” Steinbeck and Ricketts believed in Graham and Deim’s talent; Steinbeck, for instance, felt easy enough in their presence to write while they painted him. Luck brought Graham and Deim to the attention of Gordon Grant in Los Angeles and Ricketts and Steinbeck at the Ventura post office. I, too, was fortunate to happen upon Ellwood Graham’s drawings in that Carmel collection.

Ellwood Graham’s recently rediscovered sketches of John Steinbeck and Ed Ricketts courtesy of private collector in Carmel, California.

 

Cannery Row, Sea of Cortez Still Making Waves—On Both Sides of the Ocean—in 2019

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Anticipating the 80th anniversary of John Steinbeck and Edward Ricketts’s expedition to the Sea of Cortez, and the 75th anniversary of the publication of Steinbeck’s novel Cannery Row, new profiles by or about a pair of writers born in England brilliantly reflect the role played by Steinbeck, Ricketts, and their free-range relationship in marrying literary imagination with marine biology to create modern ecological consciousness.

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“John Steinbeck’s Epic Ocean Voyage Rewrote the Rules of Ecology”—a thoroughly researched and well-written feature by Richard Grant in the September 2019 issue of Smithsonian Magazine—recounts the 1940 journey that resulted in Sea of Cortez, the 1941 book co-authored by Steinbeck and Ricketts, and the ambitious project to restore The Western Flyer, the boat they used for their “voyage of discovery” to the waters and shores of Baja California. The fact-filled text by Grant, a British journalist based in Mississippi, is creatively complemented by photographs (like the one above) by Ian C. Bates, who lives near Port Townsend, Washington, where work on The Western Flyer continues, with an eye toward relaunch off Cannery Row in 2020.

How Cannery Row Became California

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The British literary naturalist and neurologist Oliver Sacks died from cancer in August of 2015, but the prolific polymath’s debt to Sea of Cortez, Cannery Row, and the Steinbeck-Ricketts collaboration is detailed in a pair of books published in the first half of 2019. Everything in Its Place: First Loves and Last Tales, the “final volume” of essays on life, death, and Planet Earth by Sacks (who published 15 books, including  Musicophilia and The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat) contains this paragraph about coming to Steinbeck country from Canada in 1960:

I was twenty-seven. I had arrived in North America a few months before and started out by hitchhiking across Canada, then down to California, which I had been in love with since I was a fifteen-year-old schoolboy in postwar London. California stood for John Muir, Muir Woods, Death Valley, Yosemite, the soaring landscapes of Ansel Adams, the lyrical paintings of Albert Bierstadt. It meant marine biology, Monterey, and “Doc,” the romantic marine biologist figure in Steinbeck’s Cannery Row.

How Melville and Steinbeck Became Bookends

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By 1982 Sacks had achieved fame as a medical renegade with literary genius for his book Awakenings, a suspenseful history of the set of post-encephalitic parkinsonian patients temporarily unfrozen by experimental L-dopa at the Bronx psychiatric hospital where Sacks worked, not without controversy, after he moved to New York. In 1982 Sacks was accompanied by the American journalist Lawrence Wechsler (at right in photo with Sacks) on a trip home to England for a New Yorker magazine profile of Sacks that never appeared. And How Are You, Dr. Sacks?—Wechsler’s memoir of the 35-year friendship that developed between the two men—records the following exchange, about influences, after a visit with Sacks’s 90-year-old father, a genial general practitioner in London who introduced his four precocious sons early (three became doctors) to the pleasures of science and reading:

Later, conversation with Oliver reverts to his childhood and school years. I ask him what sorts of books captivated him as a youth.
      “Moby-Dick,” he replies, without a moment’s hesitation. “What can you say about Moby-Dick? There’s Shakespeare and there’s Moby-Dick and that’s that.
      “We liked Cannery Row and Sea of Cortez, for the marine biology.” (Funny that, as bookends go: Moby-Dick and Cannery Row.)

Shakespeare, Melville, and marine biology also fired John Steinbeck’s mind. As bookends go, Oliver Sacks and Smithsonian Magazine make splendid specimens of the exultation expected in 2020 around Sea of Cortez, Cannery Row, and the marriage of marine biology and literary imagination—on both sides of the Atlantic.