The Salinas History Project: An Update and an Invitation

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At a recent agricultural technology summit held in Salinas, Steve Forbes called the small Central California city “the Ag-Tech capital of the world.” As director of the Salinas History Project at Stanford University, I have written a book which reconsiders the history of John Steinbeck’s home town from its incorporation as a city in the mid-19th century to its 20th century incarnation as an agricultural powerhouse—and its 21st identity as a laboratory for multiculturalism.

Numerous dissertations, academic papers, and books have focused on various racial and ethnic communities in and around Salinas, and on specific issues important to its evolution, including labor, environment, agriculture, and gang violence. The interconnection of these groups and issues has gained the attention of local leaders. So has the need for a more comprehensive account of the city’s history, and its place in the complex context of national and state history.

We began this work in 2016 knowing the obstacles we faced in achieving an analysis that would be broad and deep enough to shed new light on old problems. Primary among our challenges was one frequently faced by scholars of John Steinbeck’s life and work: written and recorded sources are scattered among multiple collections, some of which are more easily accessed and readily shared than others. The project is now complete and the resulting book is scheduled for publication this fall by Stanford University Press.

Readers with questions about the Salinas History Project are encouraged to contact me at mckibben@stanford.edu. Recently I gave a talk celebrating the 75th anniversary of Steinbeck’s novel Cannery Row. It was video recorded by the Bill Lane Center for the American West at Stanford University, where I have taught since 2006, and it can be accessed at https://west.stanford.edu/research/works/cannery-row-75-virtual-event.

Photograph of historic Salinas, California downtown courtesy Salinas Public Library and Salinas History Project.

COVID-19 Claims Steinbeck Colleague Terrence McNally

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Terrence McNally, the Tony Award-winning playwright who taught and babysat John Steinbeck’s boys when they were hard-to-manage teenagers, has died in Sarasota, Florida from complications of the COVID-19 virus which shuttered Broadway and much of the world’s business after being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. A survivor of lung cancer, McNally, 81, was a 20-something graduate student at Columbia University when Steinbeck family friend Edward Albee recommended him as a tutor and companion for Steinbeck’s sons Thom and John IV during an extended tour of Europe taken by the Steinbeck family 60 years ago. As noted in a March 24, 2020 profile of the playwright published in The Guardian, “McNally’s long career began in 1961 when John Steinbeck asked him to work together on a number of projects, including a musical version of East of Eden” which, like other projects following the failure of the 1955 musical Pipe Dream, never materialized.

Composite image of Terrence McNally courtesy New York Post.

Hard News Forecasts Busy Year Ahead for Followers, Fans of John Steinbeck

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John Steinbeck © 1954 Yousuf Karsh

Hard news from three different sources suggests the year ahead will be a busy one for followers, fans, heirs, and collectors of John Steinbeck. Steinbeck at Stanford is the subject of a special January 30 library event at Stanford University (sold-out as of this writing) that includes a lecture by Stanford professor Gavin Jones and an exhibit of items from Stanford’s substantial collection of Steinbeck editions, manuscripts, and memorabilia. Hard on the heels of October’s sale of manuscripts and personal possessions from the estate of Steinbeck’s widow Elaine, by an auction house in San Francisco, New Jersey’s Curated Estates auction service has announced the sale of items—including Steinbeck’s baby hair and confirmation certificate—timed to end on February 27, the author’s birthday. As reported by the Hollywood Reporter, attorneys for the widow of Steinbeck’s son Thom are taking their case for reassigning the movie rights to Steinbeck’s books all the way to the Supreme Court, assuming the high court finds time for issues beyond impeachment and tax returns in the busy year ahead.

“Put More Steinbeck In” to Make Pipe Dream Succeed

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Did casting cause the closing of Pipe Dream, the Broadway musical created by the dream team of Rodgers and Hammerstein from John Steinbeck’s novel Sweet Thursday? The movie star they counted on to carry the show, Steinbeck’s friend Henry Fonda, couldn’t sing and wasn’t cast. The opera star Helen Traubel couldn’t act but was, and that caused problems they should have foreseen. Urged on by Richard Rodgers, Julie Andrews signed up for My Fair Lady instead of Pipe Dream, proving that some advice is worth following. In a Playbill magazine piece published to coincide with the anniversary of the show’s opening on November 30, 1955, Bruce Pomahac argues that the fault for its failure lay not with its stars but with its creators. Rodgers and Hammerstein were white bread compared with Steinbeck, and their views on acceptability were not in alignment. By playing down “the more prurient aspects” of Steinbeck’s story, “R&H were doing what they did best,” with the predictable result that “Steinbeck felt Rodgers & Hammerstein had, as he put it, ‘turned my whore into a visiting nurse.’” According to Pomahac, the 2012 off-Broadway revival of Pipe Dream by City Center “provided us with the first real shot at what Pipe Dream might have been since it first played on Broadway in 1955.” According to Theodore Chapin, who heads the Rodgers and Hammerstein Organization, the adaptors who are waiting in the wings to bring it back agree on one thing. “Put more Steinbeck in” if you want to succeed on Broadway.

Caricature of John Steinbeck by David Levine.

John Steinbeck Sale Another Reminder of Missing History

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Like the recent donation of the S.J. Neighbors collection of John Steinbeck papers to Stanford University, the upcoming sale of John Steinbeck memorabilia by Heritage Auction House in San Francisco serves as a reminder that much remains to be learned about the author’s life and work—and that access to documents is key to discovery. Among the 36 items on offer, spanning 100 years of Steinbeck family history, are the walnut box Steinbeck’s grandfather gave his grandmother, an early manuscript of his novel Tortilla Flat, and the journal he kept when he was writing The Wayward Bus. Also included are letters from President John Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, the latter in response to questions posed to her by Steinbeck for the biography she asked him to write following her husband’s assassination in 1963. “I enclose a letter I wrote you weeks ago – but hesitated to send. But I don’t have the strength to do it over. In answer to your second letter – I do think about your letters for the longest time. I welcome them but they are not easy to answer,” wrote Mrs. Kennedy in 1964.

1954 Short Story by John Steinbeck Written in Paris Published by The Strand

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John Steinbeck © 1954 Yousuf Karsh

The current issue of The Strand Magazine features a fun find—the English version of a whimsically satirical short story John Steinbeck wrote for the Paris paper Le Figaro, where it appeared on July 31, 1954 as Les Puces sympathiques. An expression of the Gallic wit exemplified by Steinbeck’s 1936 short story Saint Katy the Virgin and his 1957 novel The Short Reign of Pippin IV, “The Amiable Fleas” recounts a tragic-comic contretemps involving Monsieur Amité, a nervous French chef, and Apollo, his temperamental cat. The tongue-in-cheek item about the publication of the short story in today’s Guardian newspaper—“Crêpes of wrath: unknown John Steinbeck tale of a chef discovered”—quotes this understatement by the magazine’s enterprising editor, Andrew Gulli: “Don’t expect to read something dramatic in the vein of Grapes of Wrath.” According to The Guardian, Gulli found the manuscript among the Steinbeck holdings at the University of Texas, where he also came across the typescript of the Steinbeck sketch titled “With Your Wings”—written for radio broadcast in 1943-44 and published by The Strand in 2014. The Yousuf Karsh photograph above was taken at the Steinbecks’ residence in Paris about the time Steinbeck was writing “The Amiable Fleas” for Le Figaro, where he was a regular contributor, frequent interviewee, and favorite American.

New Light on John Steinbeck at Stanford’s Green Library

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John Steinbeck © 1954 Yousuf Karsh

A trove of documents donated to Stanford University—the S.J. Neighbors collection of John Steinbeck papers, 1859-1999—adds dramatic detail to a literary life story that started in 19th century Germany and Palestine and became synonymous with 20th century California and America. Totaling 256 items, the acquisition is the largest since 1999, when Wells Fargo funded the addition of a major collection of Steinbeck material to the holdings of the newly renovated Green Library, which first opened in 1919, the year Steinbeck enrolled at Stanford as a freshman. The new collection includes correspondence to and from John Steinbeck, notebooks kept by his American grandmother, Almira Steinbeck, and lecture notes written by her earnest, German-born husband about their missionary work in Palestine and the attack on their compound in Jaffa that sent them packing for the United States, just in time for the outbreak of the Civil War. According to Rebecca Wingfield, curator of British and American literature, the addition of the S.J. Neighbors collection makes the Stanford University Library the most important resource anywhere for research on Steinbeck’s roots. Her colleague Ben Stone, curator of American and British history, notes that the school’s commitment to Steinbeck includes access to the collection by regular readers of the restless American writer who never got around to telling his grandparents’ back story and disappointed his family by leaving Stanford without a degree.

Domestic and Foreign Media Differ About John Steinbeck

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History repeated itself last week in the press coverage around John Steinbeck’s death, 50 years ago, in New York City. A prophet without honor in much of his own country, Steinbeck preferred foreign travel and earned praise for writing with empathy and courtesy about foreign cultures. But the gap in volume and quality between domestic and foreign media coverage of the milestone event was shocking nonetheless. A short item about Steinbeck in The Nation noted the author’s friendship with Adlai Stevenson and identified the two-time presidential nominee as “an American politician,” presumably for the benefit of Americans with short memories. In England, by contrast, Martin Chilton’s profile of Steinbeck for The Independent was the best writing of the year on the author, with the essay on Steinbeck written by Daniel Rey for The New Statesman, comparing Donald Trump to Cyrus Trask, a close second. Press coverage in Ireland included a trio of feature articles about Steinbeck’s Irish roots; Steinbeck’s French connection was the subject of stories in six Paris publications; and an array of newspaper reports appeared in democracies with a similar claim on Steinbeck’s affection, including Italy, Spain, Poland, and Germany. Press coverage in Turkey was surprisingly robust, though the silence from Russia—another authoritarian state with a claim on Donald Trump—was as deafening as the sound of one hand clapping at The Nation, for an author whose death 50 years ago followed the election of Richard Nixon, another Cyrus Trask.

 

José Andrés Takes The Grapes of Wrath Literally

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José Andrés, the Puerto Rican-born celebrity chef and restaurateur known for high-end cooking at expensive addresses, says The Grapes of Wrath inspired World Central Kitchen, the nonprofit organization he founded to feed victims of natural disasters like the fires that ravaged northern California in November. In a December 4, 2018 Washington Post interview, he explained his decision to extend the charity’s reach south, to Baja California, to feed refugees from Central America tear-gassed by the U.S. government and living in temporary housing provided by the city of Tijuana. “In the end, it’s very simple,” he said. “Our motto comes from John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. ‘Wherever there’s a fight so hungry people may eat, I will be there.’” José Andrés has been nominated for the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize.

Finding Solace from Vladimir Putin and Trump in Steinbeck

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Donald Trump said weather kept him from wreath-laying duty at the American cemetery outside Paris on the 100th anniversary of the armistice that ended the Great War. But the rain-shy Make-America-Great-Again president managed to keep his Armistice Day date in Paris with Vladimir Putin, the former KGB officer who runs Russia the way Stalin did when John Steinbeck and Robert Capa toured the Soviet Union 70 years ago. Previously undisclosed details of KGB spying on Steinbeck and Capa emerged from a recently declassified document summarized in a Radio Free Europe report that should stir anyone anxious about Russian history repeating itself in the love affair between Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump. (For a dose of relief, see Stephen Cooper’s blog post on finding solace in Steinbeck published by The Hill in 2016.)